Party branch Secretary of a party lecture of two speeches: tutoring covers all of the new party Constitution two education has kicked off. Study of the Constitution of this practice is a very important part. Today Ill give you a new section of the Constitution on the counselling of learning lessons, hope, through todays tutorial, further consolidation of all the party members of the new party Constitution study results to help you better understand and grasp the important knowledge in the new Constitution. This tutorial has the following three components: one is the importance of studying and implementing of the new party Constitution; second, compared with the 17 adopted by the party Constitution, the main changes in the content and interpretation of the new Constitution; the third is at this stage how to make full use of the new essence of the content of the Constitution to guide party building. Two thematic education in party lecture notes, and study and carry out the significance of the new Constitution (a) studying and implementing the party Constitution is the most basic obligations of each party member. We party party yilai, has been put learning implement Constitution as a items regular of work one of implement Yu always, and in different history background and the different reality need of situation Xia, also will as a items important sex work, concentrated to, and highlight to, and separate to be arrangements, only on reform more than 30 years to, most important of concentrated learning implement Constitution on has four times: (ii) learning implement Constitution, is maintenance party of solidarity unified, and completed party of the task of strong guarantee. Both history and reality show that only determined to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution, according to the educational management of party members and cadres at the request of the party Constitution to ensure the party strictly implement the partys policy and discipline, to maintain party unity, completed the partys various tasks to provide a strong guarantee. (C) studying and implementing the party Constitution, consolidating the partys ruling status, and the inevitable requirement of maintaining the advanced nature of the party. Comrade XI Jinping pointed out: the Constitution is the fundamental law of the party, the party must follow the General rules. In all the activities of the party organization at all levels, will continue to guide the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, conscientiously study the party Constitution, abide by the party Constitution, the implementation of the party Constitution and maintaining party Constitution, should strengthen party spirit, enhance the consciousness, purpose awareness, power awareness, situation awareness, sense of responsibility, earnestly sharing sorrow for the party, responsible for the country, for the people and dedication. (D) studying and implementing the party Constitution, is to solve the problems the partys actual needs. Comrade XI Jinping said all party members must achieve, leading cadres should first do whatever the涵洞施工实习报告摘要涵洞施工的技术要求较高,为保证施工质量，施工时应有设计人员和管理技术人员参加。这样，一方面可以保证施工能符合设计要求，另一方面也便于管理人员熟悉整个涵洞施工的情况，所以,了解涵洞基本要求，掌握施工方法，对于保证工程质量,按期完成施工任务非常必要。关键词涵洞 施工 技术 1 引言 涵洞是公路中不可或缺的，公路施工是个繁琐的工程,一道涵洞的工程量一般很小，但是它同样要在准备阶段调查地形条件,还调查所要经过的道路情况，道路宽度、路面状况,以便解决挖槽机械、重型机械进场的可能性。2 基底处理施工人员机械进场后，由测量技术人员打点放出开挖基坑边线、基顶边线，放样时要求施工队技术员在旁打木桩并撒上线，测量人员要具体地交代桩位及数据。之后用机械开挖基坑,挖至距离基底2030cm后，在用人工挖至设计基底标高,开挖放坡，严禁超挖回填，如果回填夯实不够可能造成沉降，造成不必要的浪费，开挖土方退出施工现场，并对基坑底进行清除脏乱等东西后平整处理，保证无淤泥及杂物.有试验人员进行基地承载力试验，如经触探试验测得基底地基承载力达不到设计要求时,要及时告知领导研究处对基底进行处理方案。换填过程中,必须夯填密实,承载力达到设计要求.21基坑放样根据设计图纸和涵管的中心及纵、横轴线，用全站仪、钢尺进行基坑放样.基坑开挖前,应在纵横轴线上、基坑边桩以外设控制桩，每侧两个，供施工中随时校核放样用。22基坑开挖基坑开挖前测量地面高程,控制开挖深度,开挖尺寸比圆管涵基础宽出50cm.基坑开挖用人工配合挖掘机进行，开挖至设计标高上2030厘米时，改用人工清理至设计标高，整平后检查基坑平面尺寸、位置、标高是否符合图纸设计，并进行基底承载力试验，合格后进行下步工序。3 模板安装涵洞在基础、墙身和拱圈上都要用上模板.涵洞施工用的模板采用的是钢模,施工脚手架用碗扣型支架搭成,配合普通脚手架钢管做斜向支撑，模板加工符合设计截面形式,这是施工的一个关键点,既影响到水泥混凝土的质量，又影响到构造物的外观。模板使用前要除锈、涂脱模剂，涵洞模板采用装配式整体钢模板，汽车吊整体吊装就位。模板拼装过程中要认真检查,注意模板的上下顺序及子母口的正确位置，保证尺寸准确、接缝严密。在两个模板接头处采用厚海绵密封条或双面胶， 还有模板上的安拉杆的孔也要密封严实防止漏浆。这些都是很容易被施工队所忽视的,所以要认真把好此关.将台身和基础接茬面上的焊渣等杂物清理干净，按照已画好的外模线,在安装柱顶帽钢筋前,人工配合起重机将钢模安装就位,将对拉螺栓穿入眼孔及直径100的PVC套管内,PVC套管夹在两侧面板内,穿插螺栓不得斜拉硬顶，上紧钢模螺栓,螺栓采用正反交错设置，对拉螺栓长度应每侧突出横肋外侧5cm。模板外侧再对着撑上中下各几道顶撑，再用脚手架将其加固,保证施工人员和检查人员的安全。4 钢筋的绑扎在基础和拱圈上都是有钢筋的,在钢筋绑扎前要认真校对图纸，在他们钢筋加工的时就要去看看下料,检查钢筋的品种、规格、数量、尺寸。在钢筋绑扎时也要对钢筋的间距把好关.钢筋绑扎时要边绑扎钢筋边加塑料垫块或加小型水泥砂浆垫块，边绑扎钢筋边放垫块是因为绑完后放垫块，因钢筋的整体重量太重导致垫块放不进去防止因保护层厚度不够而影响质量。检查钢筋与模板的间距，严禁钢筋与模板的间距为零，其间距要满足规范及设计要求。 41钢筋混凝土框架钢筋按设计规格、尺寸、形状在加工厂加工成型，现场绑扎；涵身钢筋布置较密,要求钢筋加工、安装尺寸准确，钢筋接头类型及安装时接头相错量符合规范要求。施工时先绑扎底板及部分边墙钢筋，浇筑底板混凝土后，再绑扎边墙及顶板钢筋，立模浇筑边墙及顶板混凝土.涵身钢筋混凝土分为两步进行施工,先浇筑底板混凝土（包括部分边墙)，在搭设满堂架支撑,一次性浇筑边墙与顶板混凝土；模板采用大块定型钢模，模板外用槽钢作带木，钢脚手架支撑.内外模板采用内撑外拉法对拉螺杆加固，模板上涂脱模剂以利脱模。立框顶底模时注意按规范要求预留一定的预拱度。脱模剂涂刷均匀，混凝土对称、分层浇筑，采用插入式振捣器捣固，必要时,在边墙外模开孔,以便灌注混凝土，放入振动器振捣.框架桥涵钢筋布置较密，一次浇筑混凝土方量大，施工时注意捣固密实，不可漏捣.5检验在对模板安装和钢筋绑扎完事后不能就说可以浇筑，还要对它进行几何尺寸、位置、标高、拼缝、垂直度、平整度、横纵向肋间距