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英语句子成分主要成分有主语和谓语,次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(一)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:Tomisagoodboy.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化形容词)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage,(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如:Hepracticesrunningevery2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成;例如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehqscaughabadcold.(2)由(系动词表语丿构成。Wearehavingaquickbreakfast.(三)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态;它一般位于系动词(如be,keep,remain,become,get.grow,turn,look,seem,feel,sm表语sou般d由t名st词等代词后。容语须和分词动词一词构成不定式复合谓语。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。例如:Mymotherisadoctor.(名词)Isityours?(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(现在分词)Thedoorisclosed.(过去分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone.(数词)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobbyisplayingfootball.(动名词)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)Thetruthisthat.hehasneverbeenabroad.“(表语从句).&(四)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.(名词)Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavethree.(数词)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词)Ithink(that)heisfitforthisjob.(宾语从句)宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.=Lendyourdictionarytome,please.间宾直宾直宾间宾探可以带双宾语的动词有bring,give,show,send,pass,tell,lend,offer,buy,make,do等。Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.五)宾语补足语:用以补充说明宾语,并与宾语一起构成复合宾语的句子成分,叫做宾语补足语。英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句宾为:宾语补足语(可由名词、形容词、副词或介不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongMing.(名词)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)Letthefreshairin.(副词)Iaskhimtogohomenow.(不定式)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Hefoundthedoorlocked.(过去分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)Wewill“sponmakeourcitywhatyourcityis.now.(从句)丄(六)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下成分充当:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(现在分词)Americaisadevelopedcountry.(过去分词)Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名词)Hismathsisverygood.(形容词性物主代词)Iamthelastpersontoleavetheclassroom.(不定式)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnGerman.、(介词短语)、(七)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式充当:Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(现在分词短语)Waitaminute.(名词)Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)Lastnighthedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.(条件状语从句)Mr.Smithlivedonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)Shecameinwithabookinherhand.(伴随状语)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语从句)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语从句)Iamtallerthanheis&-(比较状语从句)“.、(八)同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列的另一个名词或代词,对前者加以解释或说明的句子成分。它近乎于后置定语,对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,说明前面的词是“谁”、是“什么”等。同位语通常由名词、代词或从句等担当。例如:Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(名词)Weallarestudents.(代词)Ihavenoideawhenhewillsetout.(同位语从句)#
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