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宾语从句考点归纳复习目标:1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词 2、掌握宾语从句的语序主句+连接词+主语+谓语3、掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。重点:语序和时态呼应 难点:语序和时态呼应;与疑问词+不定式的转化;与状语从句的辨析 考点梳理: 一、宾语从句的连接词: 1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。 eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、连词if 、whether, eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. H e asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether: 在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. 与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how, 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、宾语从句的语序: 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” = She said she would leave a message on the desk. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. =I asked him where the tickets are. 三、宾语从句的时态呼应: 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分: eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow. 2) I dont know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。 判断方法: 1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”, 充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当的时候” 3从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship. An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher. They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend Could you tell me when (什么时候)the train arrives ? Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow. =If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall. They knew each other when(当时候)they were children. =When they were children宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.二、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I cant understand _
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