第 7 章 动词的过去分词形式动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有 形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。一：动词的-ed形式的特征A.动词的-ed形式只有一种形式， -ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,1. 规则动词的-ed形式 limit f limited （限制） escape f escaped （逃脱） refer f referred （提交） pray f prayed （祈祷）2. 不规则动词的-ed形式 cast f cast （投掷）bite f bitten （咬） spit fspat（ 吐） fight f fought （搏斗）动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的 也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。pretend f pretended （假装） provide f provided （提供） drag f dragged （拖） supply f supplied （供应）spread f spread （传播） forgive f forgiven （原谅） wear f worn （穿）lose f lost （丢失）般过去分词不同learned aged beloveda learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 an aged man 老人his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与B. 动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。C. 动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。1动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时 也带有被动的意义。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。2 及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间，我就 能猜出那个谜语。（句子的主语I和动词give之间是被动关系。）When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语 的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。（动词 make 的宾语 yourself 和宾语补足 语 understand 之间是被动关系。）The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。3 不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。an escaped prisoner 逃犯 （= a prisoner who has escaped）a retired worker 退休工人 （ = a worker who has retired ）a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 （= a guest who has just arrived ）We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time 我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。People should pay attention to the changedsituation. 人们应该注意到变化 了的形势。二、动词的-ed形式的用法动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语、状语和 补语。A. 动词的-ed形式作表语1. -ed形式在系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。 The students are fully prepared.学生们已做好了充分的准备。 When we got there, the shop was closed.我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。 She felt satisfied with her performa nee on the high-a nd-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。 The land remained unexploited.这片土地尚未开发。 Heari ng the news, he looked disappoi nted听到这个消息，他看起来非常失望。 The top of the moun tai n is covered with snow all through the yea 匚山顶上终年积雪覆盖。比较：要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语 态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。All the doors are locked.所有的门都是锁着的。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态） All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。（被动语态， 表示动作）Peter the Great is buried here.彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。（-ed形式作表语，表示 状态.）Peter the Great was buried here in 1725.彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里（。被 动语态，表示动作）2. 同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。动词的-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的 意思，而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。提示：上述动词的-ed 形式，有的(女口 pleased, tired, excited, disappo in ted 等)已 经变成形容词，可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的(如amused, puzzled, relaxed 等)还不能被very, too修饰，只能被much修饰。 These problems are very puzzli ng. 这些问题很令人迷惑。 We are much puzzled by his failure to reply.不给我们回信使我们百思不得其 解。 His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。 All the people prese nt were moved to tears在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。B动词的-ed形式作宾补当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的-ed 形式作宾语的补足语。1.在感观动词 see, notice, watch, observe, heai; feel, find 后作宾补。 I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。 We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。 Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop.昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。 He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。2在使役动词have, make, get, leave, keep等后作宾补。 动词的-ed形式作get的宾补。 Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。 Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. 我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。比较：动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾补，和宾语是主动关系。 I couldngtet the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。Hegot his sisterto help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。Can you really getthat old clock going again？ 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？ 动词的-ed形式作make的宾补。He raised his voice in order tomake himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。You shouldmake your views known to the public.你应该让公众知道你的观点。动词make后的宾补可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式，但不可用动 词的-ing形式。【误】Can you make the students understanding the text?正】 Can you make the studentsunderstand the text? 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？正】 Can you make the text understood by the students? 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？ 动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾补。They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。The detective and his assistantkept themselveslocked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。3动词的-ed形式也可用在with (without) +宾语+宾补的结构中，作介词的 宾补。With everyth ing well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后，他离开