本科生毕业设计（论文）摘 要本次设计的题目是YA32-1000KN万能液压机的设计，它是利用液压传动技术进行压力加工的设备。它是用于锻压、轴类零件的压装或校正、冷挤、冲压、弯曲、压块、粉沫冶金、成型等工艺过程的压力加工机械，与机械压力机相比，它具有压力和速度可在广泛的范围内无级调整，可在任意位置输出全部功率和保持所需压力，并能完成压制成型和定程成型等工艺方式，结构布局灵活，各执行机构动作可很方便地达到所希望的配合关系等优点；然而，该液压机也具有一定的缺点：它的机身刚度较小，由于用四立柱作导向，活动横梁内侧导向套与四立柱磨损后不易调整。本次设计采用软件与硬件相结合的方法，设计的液压机是YA321000KN四柱万能型，最大压制力为100吨，液压最大工作压力为16MPa，它的加工工艺较其它类型液压机简单。主机为三梁四柱式结构，油缸由四柱导向，顶出缸布置于工作台中间孔内。各操纵调整机构均集中设置在操纵箱面板上，动力机构（包括电动机、泵、阀等元件）设置于右侧。根据给定的有关技术参数绘制液压机的动作线图，从动作线图上可以清楚的反映出各动作行程，速度和它们的配合关系，液压系统和电控系统的设计很重要，包括确定系统的执行元件（液压缸）的主要结构尺寸，绘制液压系统图，选择各类元件及辅件的形式和规格，确定系统的主要参数，进行必要的性能估算。电器控制采用可编程控制，实行以油为工作介质，其油缸工作过程由按钮集中操作，使液压速度可调。最后进行液压机的总体设计。 此次设计目的明确，通过老师细心指导，自己查阅有关资料，及到实习工厂观察学习，顺利完成设计任务。通过这次设计培养了自己动手、综合运用多学科的理论知识和技能解决工程实际问题的能力，为以后实际工作打下基础。关键词：液压机；四柱；电器控制；液压缸AbstractThis design topic is a hydraulie press, it is carried on the shaping using the hydraulic transmission technology the equipment. It uses in the forging and stamping, the axis class components pressure installs or the adjustment, the swaging, the ramming, the curving, the briquetting, the powder metallurgy, takes shape and so on the techological process shaping machinery, compares with the mechanical press, it has the pressure and the speed may adjust in the widespread acope the steo, may ourput the complete power and the maintenance in the free position needs the pressure,and can complete the suppression to take shape and decides the regulation to take shape and the craft way and so on, the structural configuration is flexible, each implementing agrncy movement may very conveniently achieve hoped merit and coordinate relations however, this hydraulice press also has the certain shortcoming;Its fuselage rigidity is smaller , due to makes the guidance with four columns,the active crossbeam Inside guidance set wears after four columns is not easy to regulate.This design uses the method which software and the hardware unifies, the design hydraulic perss is the YA32-1000KN four columns multi-purpose, the biggest suppressed strength is 100 tons, the hydraulic pressure biggest working pressure is 16Mpa, itsprocessing craft compares other tupe hydraulic presses to be simple. The main engine is three Liang four columns structures,the cylinder guides by four columns,goes against the cylinder arrangement in the work table middle hole. Front the control box arrangement is right to the fuselage leans. Each operation adjusting mechanism strongly establishes on the control box kneading board , the actuating unit (including electric motor, pumps,part and valve, ect) establishes to right flank. According to the related technical parameter which assigns draws up the hydraulic press the movement graph, the driven makes in the graph to be allowed the clear reflection carious movements travelling schedule, speed and their coordinate relations. The hydraulic system and the lelctrically controlled system design is very important, including determination system functional element (hudraulic cylinder) main structure size, draws up the official hydraulic scheme, chooses each kind of part and the auxiliary form and the specification, definite system main parameter, carries on the essential performance evaluation. The electric appliance control uses the programmable control., the implement take the oil as the actuating medium, its cylinder work process by button centralized control, it causes the suooressed speed to be possible to move. Finally carries on the hydraulic press the system design.This design goal is clear,carefullu instructs through teacher,own consult the pertinent data, and to factory affiliated with a school observation study, smoothly has completed the design task. Raise myself through this design to begin, the synthesis utilizes the multi-disciplinary theory knowledge and the skill solution project actual problem ability, will build the foundation for the later practical work.Key words: hydraulic press; four columns; electric appliance control; hydraulic cylinder目 录第1章 绪 论11.1 液压传动及液压系统11.1.1 液压传动的发展11.1.2 液压系统的组成11.2 设计的任务及意义2第2章 液机的主要技术参数32.1 YA321000KN四柱万能液压机主要参数32.2 YA321000KN四柱万能液压机系统工况图4第3章 液压基本回路以及控制阀63.1 YA321000KN四柱万能液压机液压系统图63.2 YA321000KN四柱万能液压机工作循环8YA321000KN四柱万能液压机工作循环如表3.1所示8第4章 液压缸的设计94.1 主缸的设计94.1.1 材料94.1.2 主缸内径的设计94.1.3 缸筒壁厚114.1.4 缸筒壁厚校核114.1.5 缸筒的暴裂压力124.1.6 缸筒底部厚度124.1.7 缸筒端部法兰厚度h124.1.8 缸筒法兰连接螺栓134.1.9 主缸活塞杆的设计134.1.10 主缸的总效率154.2 顶出液压缸的设计164.2.1 材料164.2.2 顶出缸内径的设计164.2.3 液压缸的理论作用力F174.2.4 缸筒壁厚174.2.5 缸筒壁厚校核184.2.6 缸筒的暴裂压力194.2.7 缸筒底部厚度194.2.8 缸筒端部法兰厚度h194.2.9 缸筒法兰连接螺栓204.2.10 顶出缸活塞杆的设计204.2.11 顶出缸的总效率224.3 液压缸运动中的供油量234.3.1 主液压缸的进出油量234.3.2 顶出液压缸的进出油量244.4 确定快进供油方式,液压泵的规格,驱动电机功率244.5 立柱的设计254.5.1 材料254.5.2 计算截面尺寸254.5.3 直径264.6 工作台的设计274.6.1 结构形式274.6.2 形状和尺寸要求274.6.3 工作台强度计算274.7 横梁的结构设计27第5章 液压辅助元件及液压油的选择285.1 管件285.1.1 高压金属油管内径d285.1.2 高压金属油管壁厚285.1.3 高压软管内径d28