语法高频考点【考情分析】英语语法知识分为词法和句法两大部分，词法包括名词、冠词、数词、代词、介词、形容词副词、连词和动词；句法包括特殊句式、复合句、虚拟语气和主谓一致。如图所示：语法通常以单项选择题、完形填空题（有选项完型填空和无选项完形填空）、改错、翻译、写作等形式进行考查。【高频考点】高频考点 1：情态动词表“推测”（1） 对现在事实的推测：用“情态动词+be”“情态动词+be doing”或“情态动词+v.”must 是对现在事实的肯定推测，cant 是对现在事实的否定推测。例如：The light is still on, so he must be at home.It cant be Tonys car, because he is too poor to afford it.should 表肯定推测，预测可能性；意为“（按道理）应该”。例如：Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now.may 与 might 表示推测，一般不用于疑问句。（might 比 may 可能性更低。）（2） 对过去事实的推测：用“情态动词+have+过去分词”must have + done 对过去发生的行为的肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定”，否定形式为 cant have done。例如：It must have rained last night. The ground is wet.Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.can/could have + done 表示对过去事情做肯定、可能性较大的推测。例如：There is no light in the room. Where can they have gone?may（might）have + done 表示对过去事情做可能性很小的推测。例如：We cant find her. She may have got lost.（3） 对将来发生的行为的推测，表示可能干了某事。例如：Who knows what will happen? You may even have married by then.高频考点 2：情态动词表“虚拟”should /ought to have done 与 shouldnt/ought not to have done 表示“本应该做而未做”与“本不应该做而做了”She should/ought to have attended your party, but she had to look after her mother.neednt have done 表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”You neednt have left so early. Its 6 oclock.could have done 表示“本来可以做而实际上未能做”He could have passed the exam, but he was too lazy.may / might have done 表示“本可能做而实际上未做”She might have achieved success, if she had tried her best.高频考点 3：一般现在时的用法（1） 一般现在时表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实，格言或警句。例如：The earth moves around the sun.（2） come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.（3） 一般过去时表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.高频考点 4：过去进行时的用法（1） 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.（2） 描述一件事发生的背景，一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。例如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.高频考点 5：现在完成时的用法1. 两种基本用法（1） 影响性用法：表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在。例如：Ive already read this book.（2） 持续性用法：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作和状态。例如：I havent seen him for three years.2. 高频句型（1） +that 从句This/It is the+序数词+that 从句（从句中用现在完成时）。例如：This is the first time that I have heard her sing.This/It is the+形容词最高级+名词+that 从句（从句中用现在完成时）。例如：It is the best film that I have ever seen.（2） sincesince +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980，last month，half past six）。例如：I have been here since 2016.since +一段时间+ ago。例如：I have been here since five months ago.since +从句。例如：Great changes have taken place since you left.高频考点 6：非谓语动词作宾语（1） 常接不定式作宾语的动词：decide（决定），offer（提供），wish/hope（希望），want（想要），happen（碰巧），afford（买得起），refuse（拒绝），learn（学会），expect（期望），pretend（假装），promise（答应），seem（似乎）。（2） 常接动名词作宾语的动词：allow（允许），mind（介意），risk（冒险），permit（允许），appreciate（感谢），suggest（建议），spend（花费），practice（练习），stand（忍受）， keep（保持），image（想象），finish（完成）。高频考点 7：非谓语动词作定语不定式 to be done，过去分词 done，现在分词 being done 作定语的区别形式意义不定式 to be done表将来、被动过去分词 done表被动、完成现在分词 being done表被动、正在进行高频考点 8：非谓语动词作状语不定式作状语（1） 结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so.as to do sth.; such.as to do sth.; enough to do sth.; too. to do sth.; only to do sth.（常表示意外或事与愿违的结果）。例如：George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.（2） 目的状语不定式作结果状语常用在 in order to do，so as to do 中；in order to do 作目的状语时，既可以放在句首又可放在句中，so as to do 只能放在句中。例如：Bob took down my telephone number so as/ in order not to forget it.高频考点 9：定语从句的引导词判断分类关系词基本含义句法功能关系代词who只指人作主语、宾语、表语whom只指人作宾语whose指人、物作定语that指人、物作主语、宾语、表语which只指物作主语、宾语、表语as指人、物作主语、宾语、表语关系副词when时间作时间状语where（抽象）地点作地点状语why原因作原因状语例如：This is the mountain village which I visited last year.She showed the visitors around the museum that had been constructed three years ago. He has three daughters who work in this factory.He is a man whose opinion I respect.Its such a heavy stone as nobody can move.Beijing is the place where I was born.I want to know the reason why you are late.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when/during which the audience can buy ice-creams.高频考点 10：名词性从句的连接词判断从属连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which （作成分，有含义）连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why （只作状语，有含义）例如：The news that he will come to our school has excited every one of us.（that 不充当成分，也无意义）It doesnt matter whether he comes or not.（whether 不充当成分，但有意义）Many people could not understand what he said at the meeting.（what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中充当 said 的宾语）When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.（when 引导主语从句，并在从句中充当时间状语）高频考点 11：时间状语从句（when，while，as 辨析）when 可用于终止性动词和延续性动词；while 只能用于延续性动词。当从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词且有对比关系时，只能用 while；当强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时，常用 as，意为“一边一边”；或表示“随时间推移”。在以下句型中只用 wh