一、选择题 (每题1分,共30分)A型题: 每一考题有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案，请从中选择一个最佳答案填入题干后括号内。1细菌的革兰染色性主要决定于：( )A核质结构 B细胞壁结构 C细胞膜结构 D磷壁酸的有无 E中介体的有无2溶原性细菌是指：( )A带有前噬菌体基因组的细菌 B带有毒性噬菌体的细菌C带有温和噬菌体的细菌 D带有R质粒的细菌E带有F质粒的细菌3能引起内毒素性休克的细菌成分是：( )A肽聚糖 B磷壁酸 CLPS D菌体抗原 E荚膜多糖4最新顿挫感染，下列叙述中哪项正确?( ) A. 因宿主细胞内有相应抑制物 B. 因宿主细胞DNA有关基因激活 C. 因宿主细胞缺乏有关酶 D. 因感染病毒有核酸缺失 E. 因感染病毒抗原性转变5细菌芽胞特有的、并与其高度耐热性有关的成分是：( )A磷脂 B肽聚糖 C磷壁酸D二氨基庚二酸 E吡啶二羧酸6下列哪种实验可用来检测致癌物质？( )AAmes test Btransformation testCfluctuation test Dreplica plating testEWidal test7杀灭包括芽胞的所有微生物的方法称作： ( )A消毒 B无菌 C灭菌 D灭活 E防腐8. 下列无芽胞的细菌中，抵抗力最强的是: ( )A. 乙型溶血性链球菌 B. 金黄色葡萄球菌 C. 淋病奈瑟菌 D. 肺炎球菌 E. 脑膜炎奈瑟菌9. 下列哪项不是病毒在细胞内增殖的指标？( )A. 细胞病变效应 B.红细胞吸附 C.细胞代谢的改变 D. 干扰现象 E.细胞培养液混浊10霍乱弧菌能粘附定植于小肠粘膜上皮细胞是因为具有：( )A鞭毛 B C菌毛 D抗原 E抗原11对青霉素产生耐药性的最常见的细菌是：( )AStreptococcus BStaphylococcus CMeningococcus DGonococcus EPneumococcus12分枝杆菌属最突出的特点是：( )A胞壁含大量脂质 B无特殊结构 C呈分枝生长D一般不易着色 E抗盐酸乙醇脱色13. 下列哪种物质与结核结节和干酪样坏死有关？( )A分枝菌酸 B蜡质 C磷脂D索状因子 E硫酸脑苷脂14下列哪种细菌不会引起食物中毒：( )A.鼠伤寒沙门菌 B. 志贺菌 C.蜡样芽胞杆菌 D.希氏沙门菌 E. 产肠毒素的金黄色葡萄球菌15从有正常菌群存在的部位所采取的标本应接种在哪种培养基中分离培养病原菌？ ( )A增菌培养基 B营养培养基 C选择鉴别培养基 D基础培养基 E特殊培养基 16衣原体与病毒的相同点是：( )A含有RNA和DNA B有核糖体 C严格细胞内寄生D二分裂方式繁殖 E对抗生素敏感17新生隐球菌致病物质主要是：( )A荚膜多糖 B芽生孢子 C细胞壁D假菌丝 E侵袭性酶18真菌的假菌丝是由哪种孢子延长而形成的? ( )A芽生孢子 B大分生孢子 C小分生孢子D关节孢子 E厚膜孢子19The main infection source of epidemic type B encephalitis virus is: ( )A. patient B. health carrier C. young pig D. culicine（库蚊） E. louse20The main type of infection caused by Poliovirus is：( )Ainappareent infection Bacute infection Cchronic infection Dlatent infection Eslow virus infection21At an office visit, a 38-year-old man complains of jaundice黄疸, dark urine, anorexia厌食, abdominal pain, and malaise不适. Serologic tests are positive for both HBeAg and HBsAg. Which statement most accurately describes the virus responsible for these findings? ( ) A. Its genome is a messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes a polyprotein. B. Its genome is linear double-stranded DNA. C. Its genome is RNA, but it replicates through a DNA intermediate. D. Its replication requires a helper virus. E. Its replication requires an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. 22. Which step in viral replication is inhibited by protease inhibitor? ( ) A. Penetration B. Uncoating C. Transcription D. Replication E. Viral assembly 23. A 48-year-old man has been receiving blood products for hemophilia血友病 since childhood. He is now suffering from a low-grade fever, weight loss, thrush鹅口疮, serious bouts of diarrhea, and symptoms of pneumonia. A deficiency in the production of which substance would be most pronounced in this patient? ( ) A. Complement components B. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) C. Interferon-alpha (IFN-) D. Interferon-gamma (IFN-) E. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)24A neonate is born with a small head, intracerebral calcification脑内钙化, rash, and swollen liver and spleen. Cells with a basophilic nuclear inclusion body are obtained from the patients urine, which condition describes the most prevalent consequenence of adult infection with this agent? ( ) A. Immunosuppression and susceptibility to opportunistic diseases B. Mild arthritic condition with a fine lacy rash C. Mononucleosis with production of antibody to sheep red blood cells D. No serious, definable disease symptoms E. Pharyngoconjunctivitis咽结膜炎25A virus isolated from a patient with liver disease is detergent去污剂-sensitive, and its genome is infectious, Which virus do these findings describe? ( ) A. Echovirus B. Hepatitis A virus C. Hepatitis C virus D. Hepatitis E virus E. PapillomavirusX型题: 每一考题有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案，请将所有正确答案填入题干后括号内，多选或少选均为错误。26可从粪便标本中分离的病毒有：( )A甲型肝炎病毒 B麻疹病毒 C脊髓灰质炎病毒D人类轮状病毒 EECHO病毒27最新SARS病毒的描述，下列哪些是正确的？( )A主要通过飞沫传播 B有包膜，对乙醚等脂溶剂敏感C临床表现以发热为基本特征 D病毒分离培养为常规检查方法E人群对SARS病毒无天然免疫力，普遍易感28被狂犬咬伤的伤口，下列哪些处理正确? ( )A立即用20%肥皂水清洗伤口 B用70%酒精及碘酒涂擦伤口C使用大量抗生素 D局部注射高效价抗狂犬病病毒血清E注射狂犬病疫苗29下列哪些真菌属于深部感染的条件致病性真菌? ( )A