2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the futurenot wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of whats already there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as dedication, and speak from experience as well as understanding of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are flexible rather than dogmatic. They believe in unity rather than conformity. And they strive to achieve consensus out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people consistently to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leader make the right things happen when theyre supposed to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have in order to get. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization. For the work they do, and for their abilities, aspirations and needs, will find that respect is return. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.【答案】成功的领导者无论在情感上还是在理智上都着眼于未来，而不是执着于过去。他们渴望创新，积极开拓。他们不满足于现状，他们想要前进去创造新事物。领导者不仅提供指导也提供答案，不仅给予力量而且乐于奉献，他们说话既根据经验，也根据他们对所面临的问题和一起共事的人的理解。领导者处事灵活而不武断。他们相信的是团结而不是随波逐流。他们力图在冲突中达成共识。领导力在于让人们始终尽显其能，帮助他们最大限度地发挥自己的潜力，并激励他们朝着共同的目标而努力。领导者在必要的时候能做出正确的决断。一个好的领导者，一个卓有成效的领导者，是一个尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必须先尊重他人。一个尊重组织上各级员工，尊重他们的工作、能力、愿望和需求的领导者也会得到他人的尊重。所有这些都会激励大家共同努力。2. 翻译题各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，特别是对艺术学科来说，要想了解一个人的艺术禀赋资质和艺术实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。【答案】Contrast to the rapid and astonishing development in various subjects, the way of measuring knowledge and ability remains as before, rather primitive. So far, there has been no way which is more effective and reliable than exams in education, which seems kind of queer. Though some people believe that exams could weigh ones knowledge level, the truth is just the opposite, as is obvious to all. Exams may be a not-so-bad solution to test the ability to remember something by rote or to answer questions quickly yet under great pressure, but they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence or practical abilities of a person.3. 单选题People of diverse backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure, business or education.问题1选项A.differentB.distinctiveC.divorcedD.separate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：背景的人们现在飞到遥远的地方去度假、经商或接受教育。A选项different“不同的”；B选项distinctive“独特的，与众不同的”；C选项divorced“分离的”；D选项separate“分开的，单独的”。这里应该指的是背景不同，diverse意为“不同的”，选项A与之意思相近。4. 单选题The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the（ ）in which they develop: for example, leaves display a wide range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.问题1选项A.relationshipB.environmentC.sequenceD.arrangement【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项relationship“关系，关联”；B选项environment“环境，外界”；C选项sequence“序列，顺序，续发事件”；D选项arrangement“布置，安排”。句意：叶片的形态和生理机能因其生长环境的不同而不同：例如，叶片对不同程度的光照和湿度表现出广泛的适应性。选项B符合语境。5. 单选题The recitalists performance was a delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless, it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite（ ）.问题1选项A.appealingB.controlledC.idiosyncraticD.unskilled【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项appealing“吸引人的”；B选项controlled“受控制的”；C选项idiosyncratic“特殊的”；D选项unskilled“不熟练的”。根据关键信息“paradoxically”可知，填空处填入的词应和前面所表达的意思相反，所以选项B符合语境。句意：独奏者的表演是一场无拘无束的、令人愉快的、内省的表演。然而，看似矛盾的是，它也受到了相当的控制。选项B正确。6. 单选题The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with todays relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor