2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题They stood gazing at the happy（ ）of children playing in the park.问题1选项A.perspectiveB.viewC.landscapeD.scene【答案】D【解析】名词近义词辨析。句意：他们站在那儿，凝视着在公园里玩耍的孩子们的快乐场景。perspective远景，透视图；view视野，风景；landscape风景，风景画；scene特定地点的景色，场景。D项在表示场景时，场景中通常包括了其中的人物及其活动，所以本题选D。2. 单选题These varied racial groups have learned to live together in peace and（ ）,set-ting an example well worth following.问题1选项A.harmonyB.graceC.rhythmD.relief【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。harmony和谐；grace优雅，慈悲；rhythm韵律，节奏；relief宽慰，免除。句意：这些不同的种族群体已学会和平（ ）地生活在一起，树立了值得学习的榜样。in harmony意为“和谐地”，因此正确答案是A选项。3. 单选题As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate enough physical power to dominate all others,they must depend on（ ）.问题1选项A.alliesB.resourcesC.freedomD.education【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：只要国家本身不能积蓄足够的力量来支配其他的人，他们就必须依赖于（ ）。allies同盟国；resources资源，物力；freedom自由，自主；education教育。选项A“同盟国”符合句意。4. 单选题In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been（ ）without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.问题1选项A.aggrandizedB.realizedC.transmittedD.manipulated【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。句意：在某些文化中魔术的本质是其传统的完整性；只有当它从远古时代毫发无损地 到今天的从业人员手中时它才是有效的。aggrandized 夸大；realized 实现；transmitted 传输，传送；manipulated 操作。选项C“传输，传送”符合句意，在此意为“传承”。5. 单选题The differences between the male and female of this species become more（ ） with age.问题1选项A.divisibleB.pronouncedC.dictatedD.assured【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。这一物种雄性和雌性之间的差异随着年龄的增加变得越发（ ） 。divisible可分的，可分割的；pronounced显著的，断然的，讲出来的；dictated 口述的；assured确定的，自信的。此题中与“差异”搭配的形容词，只有选项B“显著的”符合句意。6. 单选题His ideas are invariably condemned as（ ）by his colleagues.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.ingeniousC.impracticalD.theoretical【答案】C【解析】句意：他的想法总是被同事们认为（ ） 。condemn意为“谴责，反对”，表明其后的形容词应为贬义词。A选项imaginative想象的，虚构的；B选项ingenious聪明的，精巧的；C选项impractical不切实际的，不实用的；D选项theoretical理论上的。C选项impractical符合句意和逻辑。7. 单选题It cannot be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted, but scientists are （ ）to concede the inevitability of that day, realizing that new energies can be found in the near future.问题1选项A.boundB.unpreparedC.hesitantD.likely【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。句意：毫无疑问，地球上存在的资源将会枯竭。但是科学家认为 在不久的将来会发现新的资源。bound有义务的；unprepared没有准备好的；hesitant有疑虑的；likely可能的。此处，be likely to为固定搭配，意为 “可能做某事”。故选D。8. 单选题The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and produce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict. It cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.1.In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some term in order to（ ）2.According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that（ ）.3.The phrase “funct