On Foreignization and Domestication in Translation-from the Perspective of Cross-cultural摘要 最近二十多年来，翻译研究逐渐转向文化间的比较。一般而言，翻译中文化的转换有两种基本策略：以目的语文化为归宿的归化和以源语文化为归宿的异化。归化是指尽量将译语文化纳入译文读者的知识范围，将作者引向读者；异化是指在翻译中保留原文语言文化的特异之处，将读者引向作者。由于源语文化和译语文化的巨大差异，译者在翻译过程中必然会面临两难选择，因而一篇译作也必然会出现归化或异化的倾向。可以说，归化和异化的课题是翻译研究的核心课题之一。为了更好地解决这一问题，各国语言学家、翻译工作者提出了各种各样的翻译方法手段，归化与异化就是其中最具代表性的一对。本文着重探讨跨文化翻译当中的这两种翻译策略，并阐明它们之间的关系以及在翻译工作中的应用。第一部分主要论述了语言、翻译与文化之间的关系。在第二部分中，作者简要介绍了两种翻译策略的倡导者、理论基础以及中外历史上关于如何运用这两种翻译策略的争论等。第三部分主要分析制约这两种翻译策略的因素，如翻译目的、文本类型、作者意图以及读者的接受能力等。第四部分重点探讨归化和异化这两种翻译策略之间的辨证关系。指出何时应该采用归化的策略，何时应该采用异化的策略以及何时这两种策略并用，使之相互补充。通过以上分析，作者得出结论，这两种翻译策略，都有其各自的特点和实用价值，过于强调其中的一种都是片面的，不科学的。我们不仅应该研究这两种策略的特点，还应分析它们在什么情况下，为了什么目的，适用于什么样的文本类型等。我们不能把翻译策略看成是绝对的，辩证地研究这两种翻译策略才有利于翻译研究的繁荣。关键词:翻译 文化 归化 异化AbstractOne of the most striking features in contemporary translation studies is theorientation towards cultural transfer rather than linguistic transfer.Generally speaking,there are two principal strategies to deal with culture involved in translation,namely,TL(target language)culture-oriented domestication and SL(source language)culture-oriented foreignization.Because of the differences between the SL culture andthe TL culture,a translator is bound to face a choice.So it is inevitable to have theinclination of domestication or foreignization for a translation.It is safe to say that thetwo translation strategies have always dominated the central place of translation studies.In this paper,a tentative study on foreignization and domestication will be madefrom historical arguments,the advantages and limitations of them will be analyzed,thefactors that are likely to influence a translators selection of translation strategies will beinduced.In Chapter One,a brief account about language,translation and culture is given.Language is a component of culture and plays a very important role in culture.Language and culture rely on each other.Without language,culture would be impossible.On the other hand,language is influenced and shaped by culture;it reflects culture.From the perspective of intercultural communication,a translation is in fact a culturalproduct of the original work filtered by the translator.In Chapter Two,the paper mainly introduces these two translation strategies,theiradvocates,theoretical basis,the debates on them and their functions in culturecommunication.Chapter Three analyzes the factors conditioning the use of these two strategies.Several factors affect the choice of these two strategies such as the purpose oftranslation,translator intention,text type and reader acceptance.Chapter Four mainly discusses the dialectical relationship between domesticationand foreignization.There are occasions on which demestication or foreignization shouldbe employed,and there are also occasions on which these two strategies should becombined.In the last part,it is concluded that the two strategies have their respective featuresand applicable values.Overemphasis of one strategy from a static and absoluteviewpoint is one-sided and unscientific.It is suggested that dialectical views on the twotranslation strategies should be adopted in the translation process.Key words:translation culture domestication foreignizationContents iContentsIntroduction.1Chapter One Language,Culture and Translation.51.1 Definition of Culture.51.2 Relationship between Translation,Language and Culture.61.2.1 Language and Culture.61.2.2 Translation and Culture.71.3 Translatability and Untranslatability of Culture.8Chapter Two An Introduction to Domestication andForeignization.112.1 Definition of Domestication and Its Theoretical Basis.112.2.Definition of Foreignization and Its Theoretical Basis.122.3 Debates on Domestication and Foreignization in History.132.3.1 Debates on Domestication and Foreignization in the West.132.3.2 Debates on Domestication and Foreignization in China.162.4 Function of Domestication and Foreignization.172.4.1.Domestication in Cultural Communication.182.4.2.Foreignization in Cultural Communication.19Chapter Three Factors Conditioning the Choice ofStrategies.