考研考博-考博英语-西南大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs has a long history and is closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescribes, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and peoples nutritional standards have arisen. Parallel with such beneficial trends are two which have an adverse effect. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce-by suggestion-a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a persons health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.1.The first paragraph is intended to （ ）.2.Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because（ ）.3.Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain（ ）.4.In Paragraph 4 the author illustrates（ ）.5.The best title for the text would be（ ）.问题1选项A.suggest that self-medication has a long historyB.distinguish between medical prescribing and self-medicationC.praise doctors for their expertiseD.tell the symptoms from the causes问题2选项A.they often watch ads on TVB.they are more likely to buy the drugs advertisedC.they generally lead a sedentary lifeD.they dont take to sports and easily catch colds问题3选项A.that good things are not without side effectsB.why clever advertising is so powerfulC.why in modem times self-medication is still practicedD.why people develop faulty ways of life问题4选项A.the reasons for keeping medicines at homeB.peoples doubt about taking drugsC.why it may be worse to take drugs by oneselfD.the possible harms self-medication may do to people问题5选项A.Medical PracticeB.Clever AdvertisingC.Self-medicationD.Self-treatment【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.考察推理判断。文章第一段第一句occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living提到偶尔的自我治疗已经成了人们正常生活中的一部分，接下来又提到了由于近百年来科学技术的发展，使得制药跟买药的现象越来越普遍，这些都是说明自我治疗已经有一段很长的历史了。选项A符合题意。2.考察推理判断。文章第三段倒数第二句Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time提到广告人将目标定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因为得这些小毛病的人都愿意在短时间内自行买药治疗，选项B符合题意。3.考察细节事实。文章第二段提到科技进步带动了医学的进步，但是医学进步又产生了两个不利的影响，一是各种医药广告盛行甚至导致过度服用药物，二是久坐不动的现象越发严重，人们不爱运动、过度饮食、抽烟等各种不好的生活习惯。文章第三段主要讲述了聪明的广告人针对有需要的人打广告。这两段讲述了由于生活习惯，由于广告的影响，人们愿意去买药物自行治疗。选项C符合题意。4.考察细节事实。文章第四段主要讲述了自我治疗是否会导致情况更遭：Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical hel