RECOMMENDATIONS ON THESAFE USE OF PESTICIDES IN SHIPS2002 EditionFirst published in 1973by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SRSecond edition 1981Third edition 1993Fourth edition 1996 minor revisions 2002Printed by the International Maritime Organization, London 2468 10 97531IMO PUBLICATIONSales number: IB267ECopyright IMO 2002All rights reserved.No part of this publication may, for sales purposes,be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmittedin any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic,magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise,without prior permission in writing from theInternational Maritime Organization.ForewordThe Recommendations on the Safe Use of Pesticides in Ships are intended as a guide to competent authorities, mariners, fumigators, fumigant and pesticide manufacturers, and others concerned. They were first circulated in September 1971 and revised by the Maritime Safety Committee in 1984, 1993, 1995 and 1996. This edition has been amended to conform with the recent edition of Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents involving Dangerous Goods and Amendment 31-02 of the IMDG Code.RECOMMENDATIONSThe Recommendations on the Safe Use of Pesticides in Ships are recommended to governments in pursuance of their obligations under chapter VI of the 1974 SOLAS Convention as amended.IMDG CODE SUPPLEMENTmiContentsPage1Introduction11.2.1 Insects in cargo spaces and cargoes11.2.2 Rodents12Prevention of infestation2.1 Maintenance and sanitation12.2 Main sites of infestation 13Chemical control of insect infestation3.1Methods of chemical disinfestation23.1.1 Types of pesticides and methods of insect control23.1.2 Contact insecticides23.1.3 Fumigants33.2 Disinfestation of empty cargo spaces43.3 Disinfestation of food stores, galleys and crew and passenger accommodation .43.4 Disinfestation of cargoes and surrounds43.4.1 Fumigation of cargo spaces and cargoes43.4.2 Fumigation with aeration (ventilation) in port43.4.3 Fumigation continued in transit43.5Carriage of fumigated freight containers, barges andother cargo transport units on a ship73.5.1 Loaded without ventilation after fumigation73.5.2 Fumigated freight containers, barges or other cargo transport unitsventilated before loading83.5.3Fumigation after loading on board a ship 84Control of rodent pests4.1 General 84.2 Fumigation and baiting84.3 Rodent baits85Regulations for the use of pesticides5.1 National and international controls on pesticide usage96Safety precautions - general6.1 Pesticide materials 96.2 Space and surface spraying 96.3 Fumigation 106.4 Contact insecticides in the cargo space, admixture with raw grain 106.5 Exposure to pesticides resulting in illness10Annex 1 Pesticides suitable for shipboard use11Annex 2 Threshold limit values (TLV) for vapours in air 13Annex 3 Fumigation warning sign 15Annex 4 Model checklist for in-transit fumigation with phosphine17IMDG CODE SUPPLEMENTIntroduction; Prevention of infestationSafe Use of Pesticides in Ships1Introduction1.1 These Recommendations have been compiled by the Sub-Committee on the Carriage of Dangerous Goods andthe Sub-Committee on Containers and Cargoes, both of which have been amalgamated into the Sub-Committeeon Dangerous Goods, Solid Cargoes and Containers since 1995, under the direction of the Maritime SafetyCommittee of the International Maritime Organization (IMO).1.2 Insects and rodents on ships are objectionable for various reasons. In addition to aesthetic and nuisance aspects,pests may damage equipment and spread disease and infection, contaminate food in galleys and food stores,and cause damage to cargoes that will result in commercial or other losses. Very few pesticides are suitable foruse against all kinds of pests that may occur aboard or in different parts of ships. It is therefore necessary toconsider the main categories of pesticides individually.1.2.1Insects in cargo spaces and cargoes1.2.1.1 Insect and mite pests of plant and animal products may be carried into the cargo spaces with goods (introduced infestation); they may move from one kind of product to another (cross-infestation) and may remain to attack subsequent cargoes (residual infestation). Their control may be required to comply with phytosanitary requirements to prevent spread of pests and for commercial reasons to prevent infestation and contamination of, or damage to, cargoes of human and animal food.* In severe cases of infestation of bulk cargoes such as cereals, excessive heating may occur.1.2.2Rodents1.2.2.1 Rodents should be controlled not only because of the damage they may do to cargo or the ships equipment, but also, as required by the Interna