2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题As you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year; four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet youll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners even suffer from malnutrition.In 1968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor. And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with industrial automation. In fact, probably 2 million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from 1958 to 1963. In July 1981, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think thats why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in 1961, if the government did not help the poor, it could not save the rich.In 1966, the Social Security Administration calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in 1977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,200 annual income for a non-farm family of four. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the workers normal wage. And the number of people who receive government benefits is increasing. In 1973, social insurance payments by governments, mainly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $29,000 million in public aid.But problems still exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, because local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important factors which lie in the structure of the society, but I dont consider it necessary to dig into them here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American people are living a better life than people in most other countries.1.The United States is called a country on wheels because（ ）.2.According to a 1968 survey, ten million Americans found themselves in a difficult health situation chiefly due to（ ）.3.The author use “the displaced” (Line 6 , Para. 2) to refer to those who are（ ）.4.The word “eligible” (Line 4, Para. 3) is synonymous with “（ ）”.5.Americans are living a better life than those in most of other countries because, to some degree,（ ）.问题1选项A.about one-fourth Americans own two carsB.a bit over one out of four households are the owners of two carsC.nearly 8 million new cars drive in the country every yearD.80% Americans have at least one car问题2选项A.inadequate feedingB.malnutritionC.unemploymentD.automation问题3选项A.unemployedB.disabledC.sickD.poor问题4选项A.necessaryB.urgentC.neededD.worthy问题5选项A.many Americans receive benefits from the special welfare programB.some poor people can receive help for some reason or otherC.there is the anti-poverty program in the U.S.D.social welfare programs have some measure settled the problems of those below the poverty line【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，第一段第二句说到four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each（五分之四的家庭至少有一辆车，超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车），可以说明美国为什么被称为车轮上的国家。因此B选项“超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆汽车”正确。A选项“大约四分之一的美国人拥有两辆汽车”，由原文可知是超过四分之一的美国家庭拥有两辆汽车，而不是美国人，所以A错误。C选项“每年有近800万辆新车在这个国家行驶”，由原文可知，是每年生产近800万辆新车，不代表所有新车都能上路行驶，所以C错误。D选项“80%的美国人至少有一辆车”，由原文可知，是80%的家庭至少拥有一辆汽车，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor.（有1000万人因饮食不足而健康状况不佳；造成他们困境的原因多种多样。长期失业应被视为主要因素。），说明美国人健康状况不佳的主要原因是失业。因此C选项“失业”正确。A选项“饮食不足”，B选项“营养不