2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 论述题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 200 words. Put your essay on Answer Sheet.Part I Cloze 【答案】略2. 单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence （AI） predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. 35. Never mind something as complex as conversations the most powerful computers strugule to reliably recognize the shape of an object the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the held went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brains neural, network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors”, he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1. The author says that the powerful computers of today（ ）.2. The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from（ ）.3. Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to（ ）.4. Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?5. Which of the following is closet in meaning to the underlined phrase “the only game in town” （para.4）?问题1选项A.are capable of reliably recognizing the Shape of an objectB.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language问题2选项A.the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs.C.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child.D.the efforts made by scientist in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells问题3选项A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence developed in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought问题4选项A.It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.问题5选项A.The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.B.The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.C.The only area worth studying in computer science.D.The only game they would like to play in town.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段Never mind something as complex as conversations,the most powerful computers strugule to reliably recognize the shape of an object the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid. 更不用说像会话这样复杂的事情，最强大的计算机现在正竭力地识别物体的形状，这对于10个月大的孩子来说是最基本的任务。可知D项“最强大的计算机仍然不能用人类的语言与人