2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget reported a striking case from his own past. He remembered his nanny pushing him in his carriage when a man came up and tried to kidnap him.问题1选项A.assaultB.abductC.embraceD.compliment【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. assault 袭击，侵犯人身（尤指构成罪行） B. abduct 劫持，绑架C. embrace 抱，拥抱 D. compliment 赞美，称赞【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】kidnap的意思为“劫持，绑架”，和him构成动宾搭配，指的是有个男人试图绑架他，abduct与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】瑞士心理学家让皮亚杰报告了自己过去的一个不同寻常的案例。他记得他的保姆在他的马车里推着他，这时有个男人走过来并试图绑架他。2. 单选题To the extent that democracy has spread, it is because it is an effective method of holding rulers accountable to their people, and not simply because of its cultural prestige.问题1选项A.evolutionB.impactC.fameD.conversion【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. evolution 演变，发展 B. impact 撞击C. fame 名声，声誉 D. conversion 转变，转换【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】prestige的意思为“威信，声望”，民主传播不仅仅是因为其文化声望，fame与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】就民主传播的程度而言，这是因为它是一种让统治者对其人民负责的有效方法，而不仅仅是因为它的文化声望。3. 单选题As we passed over the dark bridge her wan face fell lazily against my coats shoulder.问题1选项A.charmingB.cheerfulC.paleD.uneasy【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. charming 令人着迷的，迷人的 B. cheerful 快乐的，高兴的C. pale 灰白的，苍白的 D. uneasy 担心的，忧虑的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】wan的意思为“苍白无力的，无血色的”，这里形容她脸色苍白，pale与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】当我们走过漆黑的桥时，她苍白的脸懒洋洋地贴在我的外套上。4. 填空题The effort to clarify the bewildering number of interrelated observations _ by psychoanalytic exploration led to the development of a model of the structure of the psychic system. (cover)【答案】uncovered【解析】【考查点】动词。【解题思路】根据关键词by，可知横线所在内容为动词的过去分词，uncover的意思为“发现，揭露”，符合语境，其过去分词为uncovered。【句意】精神分析探索发现的观察结果数目众多、令人眼花缭乱、又相互关联，努力阐明这些结果促进了精神系统结构模型的发展。5. 单选题The racial, intellectual and economic policies of the National Socialist Party were carried out with unprecedented ruthlessness.问题1选项A.crueltyB.contemptC.cautionD.concession【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. cruelty （尤指蓄意的）残酷，残忍 B. contempt 蔑视，轻蔑C. caution 谨慎，小心 D. concession 让步，妥协【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】ruthlessness的意思为“无情，残忍”，指的是国家社会党实施政策的方式非常残忍，cruelty与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】国家社会党的种族、知识和经济政策以前所未有的残暴方式进行。6. 单选题Real estate developers, small businesses and other borrowers have complained strenuously in recent weeks of weakening sales and scarce credit.问题1选项A.reluctantlyB.vigorouslyC.continuallyD.regularly【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. reluctantly 不情愿地 B. vigorously 有力地C. continually 不断地 D. regularly 有规律地，间隙均匀地【答案】B【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】strenuously的意思为“极力地，使劲地”，指的是房地产开发商、小企业和其他借款人卯着劲地抱怨，vigorously，与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】房地产开发商、小企业和其他借款人最近几周一直在强烈抱怨销售疲软和信贷稀缺。7. 填空题What is good is thought to be _ and what is evil is thought to be harmful, but defining good and evil remains a central question of ethics. (benefit)【答案】beneficial【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】根据横线前面的be，以及表示并列结构的and，可知横线所在内容为形容词，beneficial“有益的”符合语境，指的是善被认为是有益的。【句意】善被认为是有益的，恶被认为是有害的，但定义善恶仍然是伦理学的中心问题。8. 填空题Once inside the virtual classroom, you have access to a chat feature, an _ white board and a video window where they can see and hear the tutor in live video and audio. (interact)【答案】interactive【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】横线部分和white修饰board，指的是用来上课的交互式白板，interactive意思为“交互式的”，符合语境。【句意】一旦进入虚拟教室，你就可以使用聊天功能、交互式白板和视频窗口，学生就可以看到导师的实时视频，听到音频。9. 翻译题For those playing the game of science, the method by which they ascertain what they believe is crucial. They have to evaluate data and arguments and decide for themselves on their validity. Scientists communicating to others have the task of convincing the hearers of the validity of their statements in terms of the data and their explanations of the data. They are not playing the game correctly if they win support by the strength of their personality or prestige. In the short run scientists may follow another on the basis of prestige, but this cannot continue indefinitely. It is up to the hearers to evaluate what the scientists say rather than accept it because they say it. And the culmination of this enterprise is the determination of whether the explanations account for the data observed. The relationship between scientific explanations and data helps to ensure the integrity of scientists. If their findings are important, they can be sure that their theories and data will be examined critically and new evidence attained.It is the system of data-based explanation that distinguishes science from dogma. Scientists have both the right and the responsibility to decide for themselves, on the basis of evidence at hand, the best explanation of a set of phenomena. On the other hand, dogma (religious, economic, political or social) depends on pronouncements by established authorities.【答案】【参考译文】对于那些玩科学游戏的人来说，用什么方法来确定相信