2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Patients usually describe the feeling as _ and in some cases it can trigger depression.问题1选项A.distractingB.distortingC.distressingD.disabling【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. distracting 使人分心的 B. distorting （v.）使变形，扭曲，使失真C. distressing 使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的 D. disabling （v.）使丧失能力，使伤残【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】横线处形容the feeling，结合it can trigger depression，可知这种感觉让人感到极其不适，distressing符合语境，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。【句意】患者通常描述这种感觉很痛苦，在某些情况下，这种感觉会引发抑郁。2. 单选题The cars handle well and have a striking design, with “butterfly” doors that _ up and open.问题1选项A.switchB.sweepC.swingD.swell【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. switch （使）改变，转变 B. sweep 打扫，清扫C. swing （使）摆动，摇摆 D. swell （使）凸出，鼓出【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词butterfly，可知车门的设计就像蝴蝶一样，结合后面and open，可知横线处指的是车门打开的方式，swing符合语境，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。【句意】这款车操作良好，设计引人注目，它的蝴蝶门可以向上摇，然后打开。3. 单选题The chief drawback of the adeno-associated virus is that it is small, carrying only two genes in its natural state.问题1选项A.featureB.concernC.defectD.barrier【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. feature 特色，特征 B. concern （尤指许多人共同的）担心，忧虑C. defect 缺点，缺陷，毛病（某事物或其制造方式上的错误，意味着不完美） D. barrier 屏障，障碍物【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】drawback的意思为“缺点，不利条件（使某事物失去吸引力的缺点或问题）”，这里指的是腺病毒群的缺点，defect与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】腺病毒群的主要缺点是体积小，在自然状态下只携带两个基因。4. 填空题Tomatoes, when they were first introduced, were considered either magical or harmful, depending on which school of thought you listened. Even within living memory, there was a time when vegetables were considered harmful unless A B C Dcooked for long. 【答案】B listened改为listened to【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】listened to意思为“听从”，为固定搭配，这里指的是认为西红柿是怎样的，就看听从对西红柿的哪一种描述。【句意】西红柿刚被引进时，人们认为它很神奇或者有害，这取决于你听的是哪个学派的观点。即使在现在，人们也有一段时间认为蔬菜没有经过长时间的烹饪就是有害的。5. 填空题Three broad categories of terrorist crime may be distinguished, not in legal terms, but with intention.Foremost is the use of violence and the threat of violence to create public fear. A B C D【答案】C with intention改为by intention【解析】【考查点】被动语态。【解题思路】根据be distinguished，可知此句为被动语态，by intention指的是通过意图来区分。【句意】恐怖主义犯罪的三大类可以通过意图而不是法律术语加以区分。其中最重要的是使用暴力和暴力威胁来制造公众恐惧。6. 单选题The tools of the information age can reinforce, rather than erode, the local character of knowledge system.问题1选项A.transformB.spoilC.replaceD.diminish【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. transform 使改变外观（或性质） B. spoil 破坏，搞坏，毁掉（把好的东西变成坏的、令人不快的、无用的东西）C. replace 代替，取代 D. diminish 减少，（使）减弱，降低（某物变小、变弱）【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】erode的意思为“逐渐毁坏，削弱，损害（摧毁某物或使其变得更弱）”，有破坏的意思，和reinforce“加强；加固”的意思相反，这里指信息时代的工具不会破坏知识体系的地方性，反而会巩固和加强其地方性，spoil表示破坏和毁掉，与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C选项词义与之不符；D选项侧重于减弱，没有到破坏的地步，词义不同。【句意】信息时代的工具可以巩固加强而不是破坏知识体系的地方性。7. 单选题When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not （1）the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to（2）the warranty (保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will（3）results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her（4）, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers（5）, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain（6）whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is（7）to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can（8）what is wrong with the item（9）. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information（10）what is wrong, rather than by making（11） statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”.The store manager may（12）the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the（13）result, the consumer can go a step（14）. She or he can（15）to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public org