2022-2023年考博英语-西北工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Practitioners of law and medicine are esteemed in many countries which seems to indicate that （ ）depends on profession or title.问题1选项A.prestigeB.superiorityC.privilegeD.merit【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。prestige “声望；声誉”；superiority “优越；优越性”；privilege “特权；优待”；merit “优点；价值”。句意：法律和医生从业者在许多国家都受到尊敬，这似乎说明声望取决于职业和头衔。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题After scrutinizing the Stern Hitler Diaries, handwriting experts proclaimed them to be forgeries.问题1选项A.examiningB.judgingC.protractingD.detecting【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过希特勒日记，字迹专家宣布这些日记是伪造的。examine “（仔细地）检查”；judge “判断”；protract “延长；绘制”；detect “发现，察觉”。字迹专家只有通过认真检查才能知晓这个日记是伪造的，因此可知划线单词scrutinize的意思是“详细检查”，选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Every means（ ） tried out but never with success, as far as my knowledge goes.问题1选项A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。every 开头，可知后面要用单数，根据句意可知要用完成时，因此选项C符合题意。4. 写作题Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 120 words. The summary you make should demonstrate your verbal skills in organizing the original information and keep the word limit. Write your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.Developments in 19th century Europe are bounded by two great events. The French Revolution broke out in 1789, and its effects reverberated throughout much of Europe for many decades. World War began in 1914. Its inception resulted from many trends in European society, culture, and diplomacy during the late 19th century. In between these boundariesthe one opening a new set of trends, the other bringing long-standing tensions to a headmuch of modern Europe was defined.Europe during this 125-year span was both united and deeply divided. A number of basic cultural trends, including new literary styles and the spread of science, ran through the entire continent. European states were increasingly locked in diplomatic interaction, culminating in continent wide alliance system after 1871. At the same time, this was the century of growing nationalism, in which individual states jealously protected their identities and indeed established more rigorous border controls than ever before. Finally, the European continent was to an extent divided between two zones of differential development. Changes such as the Industrial Revolution and political liberalization spread first and fastest in Western EuropeBritain, France, the Low Countries, Scandinavia, and, to an extent, Germany and Italy. Eastern and southern Europe, more rural at the outset of the period, changed more slowly and in somewhat different ways.Europe witnessed important common patterns and increasing interconnections, but these developments must be assessed in terms of nation-state divisions and, even more, of larger regions, differences. Some trends, including the ongoing impact of the French Revolution, ran through virtually the entire 19th century. Other characteristics, however, had a shorter life span.Some historians prefer to divide 19th century history into relatively small chunks. Thus 1789-1815 is defined by the French Revolution and Napoleon; 1815-48 forms a period of reaction and adjustment; 1848-1871 is dominated by a new round of revolution and the unifications of the German and Italian nations; and 1871-1914, an age of imperialism, is shaped by new kinds of political debate and the pressures that culminated in war. Overriding these important markers, however, a simpler division can also be useful. Between 1789 and 1849 Europe dealt with the forces of political revolution and the first impact of the Industrial Revolution. Between 1849 and 1914 a fuller industrial society emerged, including new forms of states and of diplomatic and military alignments. The mid-19th century, in either formulation, looms as a particularly important point of transition within the extended 19th century.【答案】【参考例文】The French Revolution and World War played important roles in developments in 19th century Europe. Social, cultural and diplomatic factors formed modern Europe. From 1789 to 1914, Europe span was both united and deeply divided. European states were relatively stable until 1871. At the same time, nationalism appeared. Western Europe developed fast, while Eastern and Southern Europe changed slowly. During this period, some trends lasted for a long time, such as the French Revolution, while other trends had a shorter life of span. Some historians prefer to divide 19th century history into four chunks: 1789-1815, 1815-48, 1848-1871, 1871-1914. There was also a simpler and useful division: 1789-1849 and 1849-1914. In either formulation, the mid-19th century is an important point of transition in the European history.5. 单选题The young man has（ ）some ingenious schemes to make good profits for the company.问题1选项A.come outB.come up withC.come up toD.come up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。c