2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw, having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.Thats a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nations early leaders and the fragile nature of the countrys infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation. And the statesmens political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemingss children, though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washingtons dental surgery is mentioned to （ ）37. We may infer from the second paragraph that（ ）38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?39. Which of the following is true according to the text?40. Washingtons decision to free slaves originated from his（ ）问题1选项A.show the primitive medical practice in the past.B.demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.C.stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.D.reveal some unknown aspect of his life.问题2选项A.DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B.in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C.historians deliberately made up some stories of Jeffersons life.D.political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.问题3选项A.His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B.His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C.His attitude towards slavery was complex.D.His affair with a slave stained his prestige.问题4选项A.Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.B.Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C.Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D.Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.问题5选项A.moral considerations.B.military experience.C.financial conditions.D.political stand.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】36.【试题答案】D【试题解析】作者意图题。分析出作者是如何从华盛顿的轶事过渡到下文主题的，是本题的解题关键。纵观全文，从“华盛顿使用奴隶的牙”，到“华盛顿看到樱桃树的典型形象”，再到“奴隶制在开国元勋的生活中扮演的角色”可知，华盛顿是行文的线索，作者从讲述他鲜为人知的故事入手，引出话题，因此D选项“揭示了他生活中未知的一面”正确。37.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第五句Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nations early leaders and the fragile nature of the countrys infancy（几位历史学家的著作揭示了美国早期领导人做出的道德妥协，以及这个国家初期的脆弱本质）可推断出，B选项“在建国初期，美国面临着微妙的局势”正确。38.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第二句While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create（虽然华盛顿和杰斐逊私下里表达了对奴隶制的厌恶，但他们也明白，奴隶制是他们帮助创建的美国政治和经济基础的一部分）可知，虽然杰斐逊私下厌恶奴隶制，但也明白其政治生涯也得益于奴隶制，显然他对奴隶制的态度是复杂的，C选项正确。39.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第五句中的The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800（这个五分之三的公式让杰斐逊在1800年的总统选举中以微弱优势获胜）可以推断出，A选项“一些开国元勋在政治上受益于奴隶制”符合题意。40.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第二句Wa