2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The worsening crisis at the Fukushima Power Station in Japan has led to inevitable comparisons with the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster that killed workers at the plant instantly, caused cancers in the surrounding population and spread radioactive contamination so far that livestock restrictions are still in place at some farms around the Ukraine.The situation at Fukushima is certainly grave and immediately dangerous for those at the site who are fighting to make the crippled reactors and fuel storage ponds safe.But whatever warnings are now being issued by foreign governments to their citizens in Japan, there are significant differences that set this apart from the catastrophe in Ukraine.At Chernobyl the nuclear reactor exploded after a surge in power that blew the top off the power plant and sent hot fuel high into the upper atmosphere, where it floated across national borders. A fire that broke out in the graphite core forced more radioactive material into the air, helping it spread further. The reactor had no containment facility to even slow the release of radiation from the plant.The Fukushima boiling water reactor is a 40-year-old power plant and it has some glaring design flaws, but the reactors have been switched off for five days, so there is less fresh radioactive material around, and each core is contained within a 20cm-thick steel container, which is then protected by a steel-lined reinforced concrete outer structure. Even in the case of a meltdown, these measures should at least limit the amount of radiation released.But what of the population beyond? The risk from radiation falls off substantially with distance. The authorities have already imposed an exclusion zone of 12 miles around the power station, introduced food bans and dispensed potassium iodide pills to those in the surrounding area.For the more distant population, the most serious radioactive substances that would be released are caesium-137 and iodine-131. These are extremely volatile, so can be carried a long way. But dangerous doses are not likely to travel far on the wind. The danger comes when radioactive iodine and caesium rain down on the ground, on the pastureland, for example, and livestock eat it. Cows concentrate radioactive iodine in their milk. Radioactive caesium accumulates in muscles, and in the past has built up in grazing sheep. The threat to humans then comes from drinking milk and eating contaminated meat. Both can raise the risk of canceriodine especially by being absorbed into childrens thyroid glands.What happened at Chernobyl, which was a much more serious accident than this, was that the local Soviet authorities were in denial, they didnt get people out of the area, they didnt evacuate quickly enough, and they allowed children to continue to drink heavily contaminated milk, and as a consequence, many children received high doses of radiation to the thyroid and weve seen thousands of thyroid cancers as a consequence.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ） .3.Which of the following is NOT true?4.The Chernobyl was regarded as a serious accident because（ ） .问题1选项A.Eyeing Japan, Countries Reassess Nuclear Plans.B.Lessons for Japan from the Chernobyl Catastrophe.C.Recent Events in Fukushima Evoked Worldwide Care.D.Japans Horror Reveals How Thin Is the Edge We Live on.问题2选项A.the risk of radiation spreading wide in Japan remainsB.the health implications of leaks into the sea would be limitedC.the disaster in Japan has much effect on nuclear policy worldwideD.Japan and Ukraine took the same measures in dealing with disaster问题3选项A.There are some obvious design defects in Fukushimas power plant.B.The radioactive substances may cause death to the distant population.C.Potassium iodide tablets can guard against some effects of radiation exposure.D.Unlike the Fukushima plant, Chernobyls reactor lacked a containment facility.问题4选项A.people failed to adopt some effective measures to protect themselvesB.many volunteers rushed there to fight to make the crippled reactors safeC.radioactive substances could spread as far as 20 miles along with the windD.the government denied the catastrophe there still threatened peoples life【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.文章第三段指出,日本福岛核泄漏事故和乌克兰切尔诺贝利核灾难相比有显著的差异,由此可以推断,之所以差异巨大是因为日本从切尔诺贝利核灾难中汲取了教训,选项B作为标题更恰当。2.选项B和C在文中没有信息提及,所以无法推导出来; 选项D表述错误。根据第六段第二句“The risk from radiation falls off substantially with distance.”辐射的风险随着距离的越远而大大降低。由此推断,辐射在日本蔓延的风险依然存在。所以选项A符合原文。3.根据第七段的一二句可知,对于更遥远的人群来说,释放出的最严重的放射性物质是铯-137和碘-131。它们极易挥发,所以可以携带很长时间。但是危险的剂量不太可能在风中传播很远。也就是说,这些放射性物质不会导致远方居民死亡。所以选项B错误。4.根据最后一段的内容可知,切尔诺贝利的事故之所以如此严重,是因为当地政府否认事故,他们没有及时让人们撤离,他们让孩子继续喝污染严重的牛奶。也就是说政府否认那里的灾难仍然威胁着人们的生命,选项D符合原文。2. 单选题You will have to work hard to（ ） the time you lo