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2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷(含答案解析)1. 单选题In a divorce, the mother usually is granted ( ) of her children.问题1选项A.supportB.retentionC.perseveranceD.custody【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项support“支持;供养;支持者”;B选项retention“保留;扣留,滞留”;C选项perseverance“坚持不懈;不屈不挠”;D选项custody“保管;监护;拘留;抚养权”。句意:在离婚中,母亲通常获得子女的抚养权。由关键词“divorce离婚”可知“抚养权”符合语境,因此D选项正确。2. 单选题An eighteenth-century traveler to Annapolis reported on the splendor of this southern city.问题1选项A.magnificenceB.corruptionC.dimensionsD.provincialism【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词splendor意为“光彩;壮丽;显赫”;A选项“magnificence”意为“壮丽;宏伟;富丽堂皇”;B选项“corruption”意为“贪污,腐败;堕落”;C选项“dimensions”意为“规模,大小;尺寸规格”;D选项“provincialism”意为“方言;地方风格;乡下习气”。句意:一位18世纪去过安纳波利斯的旅行者报道了这座南方城市的辉煌壮丽。由题干可知,Annapolis(安纳波利斯,是美国马里兰州的首府和港口,是一座历史名城),所以可以推测出splendor在此处最可能是“壮丽”的意思,四个选项中magnificence具有“壮丽宏伟”的意思,与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题I must go now.( ), if you want that book Ill bring it next time.问题1选项A.IncidentallyB.AccidentallyC.OccasionallyD.Subsequently【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项incidentally“顺便说一句;偶然地;附带地”;B选项accidentally“意外地;偶然地”;C选项occasionally“偶尔;间或”;D选项subsequently“随后,其后;后来”。句意:我现在必须离开了。顺便说一句,如果你想要那本书,那么我下次将把它带来。根据句中“I must go now我现在必须离开了”可知“顺便说一句”符合语境, 因此A选项正确。4. 单选题What he had in mind ( ) to nothing less than a total reversal of the traditional role of the executive.问题1选项A.contributedB.dedicatedC.amountedD.added【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contribute“贡献;投稿;捐献”;B选项dedicate“致力;献身”;C选项amount“总计;相当于”;D选项add“增加,添加”。句意:他脑子里想的东西完全颠覆了传统意义上的角色执行官。此题应注意题干中的“nothing less than完全是”,可推知“相当于”符合语境,因此C选项正确。5. 单选题To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to _family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring.问题1选项A.repressB.intimidateC.validateD.confine【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“repress”意为“抑制;镇压(叛乱等);约束”;B选项“intimidate”意为“恐吓,威胁;胁迫”;C选项“validate”意为“验证;确认;使生效”;D选项“confine”意为“限制;禁闭;(因疾病、残疾)无法离开(床 、家、轮椅)”。句意:对许多人来说,夫妻二人似乎并不构成一个真正的家庭他们需要孩子来充实他们的小圈子,使家庭特征生效,并从后代那里获得某种救赎的影响。由题干可知,a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family(夫妻二人似乎并不构成一个真正的家庭)夫妻需要孩子才能构成完整的家庭,所以家庭特征需要有孩子才能生效。因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题Excellent elementary schools, open attitudes toward new technology, premiums for inventions, and a genius for creative thinking interact with each other on the US mainland and produce the American characteristic, ( ).问题1选项A.emanationB.emulsionC.emulationD.emancipation【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项emanation“发出,散发”;B选项emulsion“乳剂;乳液”;C选项emulation“仿真;效仿;竞争”;D选项emancipation“解放;释放”。句意:在美国本土,优秀的小学教育、对新技术的开放态度、对发明的奖励,以及空间思维天赋相互作用,造就了美国人的特征竞争。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题He does nothing that violates the interests of the collective.问题1选项A.runs forB.runs againstC.runs overD.runs into【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。violate“违反;侵犯,妨碍”,A选项run for“竞选;匆匆去取;赶紧去请”;B选项“run against 撞上;偶遇;违反”;C选项“run over 辗过;匆匆看;复查”;D选项“run into 遭遇,陷入;撞到;偶然遇见”。句意:他不做任何违背集体利益的事。根据句中“the interests of the collective集体的利益”可知violate在这里的意思为“违反”,因此B选项正确。8. 单选题Light is less vital to animals than it is to plants; ( ) most animals tend to shun the light rather than to welcome it.问题1选项A.for instanceB.indeedC.that isD.therefore【答案】B【解析】考查副词和词组辨析。A选项for instance“例如”;B选项 indeed“的确;事实上;甚至”;C选项that is“即;就是说;换言之”;D选项therefore“因此;所以”。句意:光对动物的重要性不如对植物;事实上,大多数动物倾向于回避光明,而不是欢迎它。空格后的内容“most animals tend to shun the light rather than to welcome it大多数动物倾向于避开光明而不是欢迎它”是对空格前句子的进一步说明,因此“事实上”符合语境,因此B选项正确。9. 单选题Henry was the only one who knew how to cook because he had _in the kitchen when he was a boy.问题1选项A.helped aboutB.helped outC.helped withD.helped up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“helped about”意为“就帮忙”;B选项“helped out”意为“帮助摆脱困难;帮忙”;C选项“helped with”意为“帮某人做;在某方面帮助”;D选项“helped up”意为“把(某人)扶起来,帮助(某人)往上搬东西”。句意:亨利是唯一会做饭的人,因为他小时候在厨房里帮过忙。由题干可知,Henry was the only one who knew how to cook(亨利是唯一会做饭的人),所以可以推测出亨利小时候在厨房帮过忙。因此B选项符合题意。10. 单选题The coalition parties have asked the government to consider using more funds to help support the ailing market.问题1选项A.rapidly expandingB.steadily improvingC.making changesD.having difficulties【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词ailing意为“生病的,身体不舒服的;病态的;处境困难的”;A选项“rapidly expanding”意为“迅速扩大的”;B选项“steadily improving”意为“稳定提高的”;C选项“making changes”意为“交换;更改”;D选项“having difficulties”意为“有困难的”。句意:联合政党已要求政府考虑动用更多资金,帮助支撑低迷的市场。由题干可知,the government to consider using more funds to help support the market(政府考虑动用更多资金帮助支撑市场),可以推测出市场的情况不好,出现了困难。由此可知,ailing在此处最可能是“处境困难的”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。11. 单选题Her panic was transient, and ceased when she began to speak.问题1选项A.beyond descriptionB.unnoticedC.passing quicklyD.vague【答案】C【解析】考查形容词和词组辨析。transient“短暂的;路过的”;A选项beyond description“无法形容,难以形容”;B选项unnoticed“被忽视的;不引人注意的;未被注意的”;C选项passing quickly“飞逝的”;D选项vague“模糊的
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