2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Sony is said _ to Apple right now about supplying multiple-sensor cameras for new iPhones.问题1选项A.have talkedB.having been talkingC.to talkD.to be talking【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说索尼正在和苹果公司商谈向新的苹果设备提供复式传感器相机。be said的固定搭配是后面接不定式，所以排除A，B选项；从关键词right now可知谈话正在进行，或者即将发生，所以需要用不定式的进行式，所以答案选D。2. 单选题To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly（ ）by a computer.问题1选项A.managedB.gradedC.monitoredD.conducted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项managed“管理，调教”；B选项graded“分级”；C选项monitored“检测，监听”；D选项conducted“管理，引导，指挥”。句意：为了防止冬季发洪水，大坝的水流经常被电脑（）。现实中洪水和电脑之间的关系只有检测关系，所以答案应该选C。3. 不定项选择题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterpartsa result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt developing more quickly there than it is.1. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries _.2. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _.3. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _.4. According to the last paragraph, development of education _.问题1选项A.is conventionally downgradedB.is subjected to groundless doubtsC.has been overestimatedD.fallen victim of bias问题2选项A.the U.S workforce has a better educationB.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedC.the U. S workforce is more organizedD.the Japanese workforce is more productive问题3选项A.when people no longer went hungryB.when people had enough timeC.as a result of pressure on governmentD.prior to better ways of finding food问题4选项A.follows improved productivityB.results directly from competitive environmentsC.cannot afford political changesD.does not depend on economic performance【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】第1题:作者意图题。题干：在第一段中作者认为在贫穷国家教育的重要性_？A选项“通常受到质疑”；B选项“遭受无端质疑”；C选项“被高估了”；D选项“是偏见的受害者”。根据题干定位到第一段第一、二、三句“在贫穷国家，正规教育与经济增长之间的关系被经济学家和政治家广泛误解。毫无疑问，这两个领域的进步对于这些社会和所有其他社会的社会、政治和智力发展是必要的；然而，传统观点认为，教育应该是促进穷国经济快速发展的最高优先事