2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White Mouse, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never have all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure, this is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing: a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the plant, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.1.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that .2.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as（ ）.3.What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)（ ）.4.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global wanning（ ）.5.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because（ ）.问题1选项A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense问题2选项A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide问题3选项A.Endless studies kill actionB.Careful investigation reveals truthC.Prudent planning hinderD.Extensive research helps decision-making问题4选项A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plantsB.Raise public awareness of conservationC.Press for further scientific researchD.Take some legislative measures问题5选项A.they suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerC.the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to wors【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到怀疑者认为“（抽烟有害健康）证据不足，科学也无法给出确定的解释，而那些反对吸烟的游说团体想破坏我们的生活方式而政府却置若罔闻”（That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?），因此选项C“人们有选择生活方式的自由”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第二段第四句提到“科学永远没有答案。但是科学确实为我们指导着未来的方向，重要的是我们的国家和世界各国在制定重要政策时，应该根据科学所能提供的有关当前行动会造成怎么样后果的最佳判断作为依据”（Science never have all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions），因此选项D符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者通过说分析导致麻痹案例是想表达什么”。文章第四段最后一句提到“他们只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究而不是行动方案这是典型的分析导致麻痹的案例”（Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”）。由此可推出是因为过多的研究导致麻痹，那么可以知道是更多的研究导致了无法制定计划，选项A“无尽的研究扼杀了行动”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第三句话提到“如果政府不制定相关立法，国会应该帮助它去开始推广保护措施”（If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures）