英汉问候语对比研究（英文）英语专业毕业论文英汉问候语对比研究（英文）英语专业毕业论文英汉问候语对比研究AbstractLanguageisthemediumforhumancommunication.Greeting,asacomponentoflanguage,playsamostimportantroleinthecommunication.Itisonekindofspeechactthatfrequentlyoccursineverydaylife.Greetingsarewordsusedtostartaneverydaycommunicativeinteractionoracknowledgeofthepresenceofother.Therefore,propergreetingbehavioriscrucialforthefoundationandmaintenanceofinterpersonalrelationships.However,sinceChinaistotallydifferentfromtheWesterncountriesbothinitshistoryanditsculture,itisundoubtedlythatgreeting,whichiscloselyrelatedtoitsculture,willbequitedifferentfromthatintheWesterncountries.Misusingthegreetingmayeasilyleadtomisunderstandingintheinterculturalcommunication.Therefore,toacknowledgethedifferencesexistinginthegreetingisthefirststeptoachievemutualunderstandingandrespect.Thispaper,withsomerelatedtheoriespresented,aimsatmakingacontrastivestudyofgreetingsinEnglishandinChina.Someresearchesarealsodonewiththegreetingonitslevel,itsfunctionsandtheelementsinfluencingit.KeyWords:Greeting;English;Chinese;culturaldifferences;cross-culturalcommunication【摘要】语言是人们进行交流的媒介。问候语是语言的一个组成部分，也是社交礼仪的重要部分；它是日常生活中频繁使用的言语行为之一，具有建立和延续各种人际关系的作用。在商务英语的日常交际中，适当的问候举止是建立和维持人与人之间关系的关键。然而，由于中国的历史背景和文化背景与西方国家有着相当大的差异，存在于文化之中的问候语也随之有着相当大的差异。这种差异在跨文化交际中很容易引起误解。因此，为促进不同语言和文化背景下人们的相互沟通，有必要深入了解中西文化中问候语的差异。本文通过对中西方文化背景中一些典型问候语的对比研究，阐述了两种文化中关于问候语的相关理论，在层次、功能、根源等方面对问候语进行研究。【关键词】问候语；英语；汉语；文化差异；跨文化交际1.IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofsocietyandculture,communicationsbetweenpeoplebecomemoreandmoreimportant.WhenChinaimplementeditsreformandopeninguppolicy,especiallyafterChinaenteredWTO,communicationwithothercountrieshasbecomemoreimportant.However,peopleindifferentcountriesholddifferentbeliefsandvalues,whichresultinmisunderstanding.Inordertoavoidtheembarrassment,weshouldknowthecross-culturalcommunicationgreeting.Greetingsareimportant,becausetheyfrequentlyoccurineverydaysocialinteractionsallovertheworld.Propergreetingbehavioriscrucialforthefoundationandmaintenanceofinterpersonalrelationships.Greetingsarewordsusedtostartaneverydaycommunicativeinteractionoracknowledgeofthepresenceofothers.Asaneverydaypracticethatisreutilizedandhappensatverylowlevelsofawarenessininteractions,greetingisseeminglyaspontaneousreactiontotheencounteringofpeople.Itissuchaquick,simple,andconventionalizedepisodeofcommunicationthatpeopleusuallygivenothoughttowhathappensduringthosefewsecondsofinteraction.Beingpartofaculturethatisveryoftenseenineverydaylife,suchpracticesareimportantinunderstandingthestructureandtheessenceofasocietyandculture.Thestudyofgreetingsisimportantinthefollowingthreeaspects.First,atheoreticalstudyofgreetingasaneverydaypracticecanhelppeopletorealizethatgreetingsineverydaylifeareimportantfortheunderstandingofacultureandsociety.Althoughaseeminglyminorepisodeofinteraction,greetinghasanimportantfunctioninthemanagementofhumanrelations.Itisbymeansofgreetingthatfriendsacknowledge,confirm,andstrengthentheirfriendship.Whileperforminggreetingrituals,interactantssignaltoeachothertheirrespectivesocialstatus,theirdegreesoffamiliarity,andtherolestheywillplayinthecomingencounter.Astudyofgreetingsthuscontributesmuchtounderstandingthestructureoftheinterpersonalrelationshipinagivensocialcommunity.Second,thestudyofgreetingshelpstodevelopasituationalapproachtowardsthestudyofcross-culturalcommunication.Generallyspeaking,greetingisaroutinizedsituationalframetransmittedinagivensocialculturalcommunity.Likemanyotherframessuchasapologizing,complimenting,etc.,greetingisoneoftheculturalblocks,whichvariescross-culturally.Asystematicstudyofgreetingwithsocioculturalfactorstakenintoaccountwilltendtobetterunderstandthestructureofacertainsocietyandculture.Third,acontrastivestudyofgreetingcanhelppeopletoenhancetheircross-culturalawareness.Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandculture,especiallythedevelopmentofglobalization,chancesarethatculturalclasheswillinevitablyarisebetweenpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Asaresult,anurgenttaskconfrontedbypeopleistoenhancepeoplecross-culturalawarenessforthepurposeofavoidingorovercomingculturalclashesincross-culturalcommunications.Sincegreetingsoccuramongpeopleallovertheworld,itappearstobeanexcellentunitofsocialbehaviortostudyifoneintendstomakeacontrastivestudyonwhatisuniversal,whatistraditional,andwhatisdistinctiveincross-culturalcommunications.Abetterunderstandingofculturaldifferencesingreetingswillsurelyboostthemaintenanceandimprovementofhumanrelationsincross-culturalcommunications.2.VarietiesofChineseandEnglishgreetingsGreetingexpressionsareabundantinEnglishandChinese.Theycanbeclassifiedinvariousways.2.1GreetingsclassifiedaccordingtotimeGreetingsinbothlanguagesseemtovarywithtime:somegreetingscanbeusedforanydayoratanytimeofthedaywhereasotherscannot.Theycanbedividedintothefollowingsubcategories:(1)All-timegreetings,(2)Real-timegreetings(3)Seasonalgreetings,(4)Introductorygreetings,(5)Ceremonialgreetings.All-timegreetingsarethosenotcontainedinusagebythetime:theycanbeusedbyforanyandatanytimeofday.Forexam