Conversation1:M: Good morningandwelcome to “people in the news”. With me today is Megan Brown, an environmental activist whose controversial new bookBeyondRecyclingis making headlines.W: Hi Brian,thanks for having me today.Im excited to explain to the audience what my book is really about.M: Critics of your book assert that youre trying to force radical changes on the entire country. Some claim that you want to force everyone to eat a vegetarian diet and make private transport illegal.W: Im aware of those claims but they simply arent true. People who havent read the book are making assumptions about my arguments.They know Im a vegetarian,that I dont wear leather or fur and that I always use public transportation, so theyre depicting me as a radical animal rights activist and environmentalist, determined to force my beliefs on others.M: But dont you want others to adopt your practices? You campaign for animal rights and the environment for decades.W:Id love it if people chose to live as I do, but my life choices are based on my personal convictions, they arent my recommendations for others who dont share those convictions.M: Well,in this accept from your book,you argue that meat consumption and private transport are devastating the environment and that the best choices for the planet are vegetarian diets and public transport.W: I did write that, but those are examples of what I call best practices not what Im actually suggesting. In my guidelines for saving the environment, I suggest modest changes, like eating vegetarian meals two days a week.M:You also endorse high taxes on meat and other animal products and increase taxes on gasoline. Those taxes could force poor people to adopt your life choices.W: But the taxes I suggest arent that high,less than 3% only plus the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection which benefits everyone.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 1: What do we learn about the womans new book?Question 2: What do some critics say about the author of the book?Question 3: What does the woman claim about the diet changes she suggested?Question 4: What does the woman say about her suggested tax increase?Conversation2:M: With me in the studio today is Miss Jane Logan, author ofthenew book Secrets to Success.Sheclaims to have uncovered how people achieve success. So Miss Logan,in your book you claim that successful people have many things in common. For instance, they know their strengths when pursuing a goal.W: Thats right.They also tend to be motivated by a negative or positive life event. They credit their success to having someone in their life who believes in them.M: You also write that there are a number of different factors related to success.And while successful people are driven to achieve their goals,the ultra successful have even greater ambition.W: Yes, greater ambition as well as a burning desire to be the best of the best is also a common characteristic.M: Right, so those who are determined dont see obstacles something that prevents success, but mere inconveniences that need to be overcome.W: Absolutely. Successful people are also optimistic as it is important to stay positive while being aware of obstacles that can deter us from achieving our goals.M: Thats a good point. All too often people give up at the first hurdle. Would you say then that most successful people make it all by themselves?W: Not exactly. They are usually good at cooperating with people and understanding the needs of others.M: So people will be willing to help them, I guess.W: Thats correct and this often leads to a great deal of mutual respect whether is with a colleague and assistant or even a receptionist.M: Most successful people I know are very passionate about their work. Would you say that passion is the single biggest key to success?W: Not entirely. Theres a prerequisite that is you have to work in an environment that nurtures passion.If that exists,success will follow.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 5: What has the woman revealed in her book?Question 6: What do successful people attribute their achievements to?Question 7: What do successful people do when faced with difficulties?Question 8: What is one prerequisite for passionate work according to the woman?Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Passage 1That saying blind is a bat simply isnt correct. The truth is that all 1100 bat species can see and often their vision is pretty good