2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题When giving any general overview of the development and use of machine translationsystems and translation tools, it is important to distinguish four basic types of translation demands.The first, and traditional type of demand is for translations of a quality normally expected from humans, i.e.，translations of publishable quality. This illustrates the use of MT for dissemination. It has been satisfied, to some extent, by machine translation systems ever since they were first developed in the 1960s. However, MT systems produce output which must invariably be revised or “post-edited” by human translators if it is to reach the quality required. Sometimes such revision may be substantial, so that in effect the MT system is producing a “draft” translation. As an alternative, the input text may be regularized (or “controlled” in vocabulary and sentence structure) so that the MT system produces few errors which have to be corrected. Some MT systems have, however, been developed to deal with a very narrow range of text content and language style, and these may require little or no preparation or revision of texts.The second basic demand is for translations at a somewhat lower level of quality, which are intended for users who want to find out the essential content of a particular documentand generally, as quickly as possible. This demand the use of MT for assimilationhas been met in the past as, in effect, a by-product of systems designed originally for the dissemination application. Since MT systems did not (and still cannot) produce high quality translations, some users have found that they can extract what they need to know from the unedited output. They would rather have some translation, however poor, than no translation at all. With the coming of cheaper PC-based systems on the market, this type of use has grown rapidly and substantially.The third type of demandMT for interchangecomes from the need for immediate translation in order to convey the basic content of messages. MT systems are finding a “natural” role, since they can operate virtually or in fact in real-time and on-line and there has been little objection to the inevitable poor quality, and are useful in producing spoken language translations, e.g. for telephone conversations and business negotiations. The problems of integrating speech recognition and automatic translation are obviously hard to tackle, but progress is nevertheless being made. In the futurestill distant, perhapswe may expect on-line MT systems for the translation of speech in highly restricted domains.The fourth area of application is for translation within multilingual systems of information retrieval, information extraction, database access, etc. This field is the focus of a number of projects in Europe at the present time, which have the aim of widening access for all members of the European Union to sources of data and information whatever the source language.1.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that in rendering publishable translations of literary works,（ ）.2.According to the third paragraph, users of MT for assimilation（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that with the progressive sophistication systems,（ ）.4.Translation within multilingual systems of information retrieval, etc, is now the focus of a number of projects in Europe because（ ）.问题1选项A.MT systems performance is satisfactory to a substantial degreeB.little could be done by MT systems developed so farC.MT systems can do much better than human translatorsD.considerable revision on MT produced texts is needed问题2选项A.are growing fast in numberB.complain a lot about its poor qualityC.can get little from the unedited outputD.would rather have no translation at all问题3选项A.one can communicate on the telephone with another who speaks a different languageB.interpreters will no longer be useful in international negotiations or conferencesC.it will be only natural that people will find little need to learn a foreign languageD.people will find no cause to complain about the quality of texts turned out by MT system问题4选项A.Europeans have little difficulty in oral communicationB.there are more languages spoken in Europe than in any other regions of the worldC.there is need for all members of the European Union to access data in different languagesD.there is less difficulty in developing MT systems handling languages similar to each other【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。由第二段中 “However，MT systems produce output which must invariably be revised or “post-edited” by human translators if it is to reach the quality required. Sometimes such revision may be substantial, so that in effect the MT system is producing a “draft” translation.” “然而，MT系统生成输出总是必须修正或“后编”，翻译人员是否达到质量要求。有时这种修订可能是实质性的，因此MT系统实际上正在产生一个“草稿”“翻译”可知 D项正确。A项“MT系统的性能在很大