2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The role of government in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, （1）, governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidize the exploitation and（2）of natural resources. A whole（3）of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and (often)（4）no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold（5）: a cleaner environment and more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to（6）the vested interest that subsidies create.No activity affects more of the earths surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planets land area, not（7）Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in（8）from land already in（9）, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a（10）in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.All these activities may have（11）environmental impact. For example, land clearing for agricultures is the largest single（12）of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may（13）water suppliers: more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods（14）exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of non-culture and the use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the（15）of old varieties of food plants which（16）some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, （17）the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate（18）to diminish the soils productivity. The country subsequently（19）a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is（20）much faster than in America.问题1选项A.howeverB.thereforeC.butD.hence问题2选项A.conjunctionB.compensationC.consumptionD.constitution问题3选项A.areaB.rangeC.scopeD.field问题4选项A.takeB.holdC.loseD.make问题5选项A.profitB.bonusC.benefitD.prize问题6选项A.confrontB.confineC.conformD.confuse问题7选项A.thinkingB.consideringC.thirstingD.counting问题8选项A.outputsB.suppliesC.yieldsD.outcomes问题9选项A.revolutionB.civilizationC.reservationD.cultivation问题10选项A.doublingB.reducingC.dismissingD.repeating问题11选项A.destroyingB.damagingC.injuringD.ruining问题12选项A.excuseB.justificationC.causeD.ground问题13选项A.purifyB.simplifyC.dirtyD.contaminate问题14选项A.come toB.bring toC.tend toD.stand to问题15选项A.disappearanceB.discoveryC.dispositionD.disturbance问题16选项A.must have been providedB.might have provideC.must have providedD.might have been provided问题17选项A.whenB.whileC.whichD.where问题18选项A.probableB.capableC.likelyD.hopeful问题19选项A.set upB.embark uponC.build upD.make up问题20选项A.vanishingB.stayingC.appearingD.dissolving【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:D第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D第14题:C第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:C第19题:B第20题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】A. however 然而，副词 B. therefore 因此，副词C. but 但是，连词 D. hence 因此，副词【答案】A【考查点】上下文语义逻辑和近义词辨析【解题思路】前一句提到“国家试图管理它所拥有的资源，但做得很糟糕”，空格处所在句提到“政府常常采取一种甚至更加有害的方式”，前后之间不是因果关系，而是转折关系；另外，空格前有副词often，说明空格并不位于句首，并且，空格后有逗号，A选项however“然而”最符合要求。【干扰项排除】B选项therefore“因此”，表因果；C选项but“但是”，常位于引出的句子的句首，并且后面一般不加逗号；D选项hence“因此”，表因果。【句意】然后，政府常常采取一种甚至更加有害的方式。第2题:【选项释义】A. conjunction 结合 B. compensation 补偿C. consumption 消耗 D. constitution 构造【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】原文中空格处所填词与exploitation“开采”并列，并且他们的修饰语为natural resources“自然资源”，C选项consumption“消耗”与原文语义衔接最恰当。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】他们实际上补贴自然资源的开采和消费。第3题:【选项释义】A. area 地区；领域 B. range 一系列C. scope 范围 D. field 田野；领域【答案】B【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配【解题思路】空格处A whole _ of搭配的对象为policies“政策”，政策的内容包括“从农产品价格支持到煤矿保护”，由此可知是不同的政策，B选项range“一系列”最符合原文搭配，A whole range of policies指“整个一系列的政策”。【干扰项排除】A选项area“地区”，搭配的对象通常为某个地方，或者某个特定的学科；C选项scope“范围”，搭配的对象通常为某个活动、主题或工作，搭配政策的话，应该是指某个政策的范围，与原文也不符；D选项field“领域”，一个特定的领域指的是某个特定的研究主题或活动类型。【句意】从农产品价格支持到煤矿保护的一系列政策，对环境造成破坏，并且（经常）（4）没有经济意义。第4题:【选项释义】A. take 拿 B. hold 抱住C. lose 失去 D. make 制造【答案】D【考查点】动宾搭配【解题思路】空格处缺少一个动词，并且其搭配的宾语为no economic sense“没有经济意义”，与sense搭配的动词应该为D选项make，make sense“有意义”。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项与原文搭配不当。【句意】从农产品价格支持到煤矿保护的一系列政策，对环境造成破坏，并