2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over 1 billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.【答案】参考译文：水是一种有限的自然资源，是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。水的权力是人类尊严的生活所必不可少的，是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国家对水的权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给，而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施，而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。持续的污染、损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视，采取有效措施来实现水权。2. 单选题Many people think that the standards of public（ ）have declined.问题1选项A.moralityB.rightnessC.awarenessD.mentality【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项morality“道德，品行”，B项rightness“公正，正直”，C项awareness“意识，认识”，D项mentality“心态”。句意：许多人认为公共道德标准下降了。根据句意，该题选A正确。3. 单选题After continual bickering on questions of strategy, Li finally exhausted Tsengs patience by refusing to draft for him a memorial（ ）he took exception.问题1选项A.of whichB.to whichC.from whichD.out of which【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。take exception to“不以为然，反对”。这里是将介词提前，和which引导定语从句，因此B选项正确。句意：不停地争论策略问题后，李终于因为拒绝为茨奥设计他的纪念物而耗尽了茨奥的耐心。因此B选项正确。4. 问答题Directions: After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English whit about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.What is Society?Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, as a collective body, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. One of the best direct analogies is with the human body itself. The cells are all alive, independently, yet they group together and establish roles, responsibilities, and relationships that allow a greater whole to exist that is more than just the sum of the parts. The cells gain from the specific roles they play because they are allowed to be what they are more effectively. Further, they are given a limited awareness of the whole that their efforts aid in creating.Similarly, when individual human beings group together to form societies, an organization is created in which the members are the cells. Subgroups of the members may form organs through which higher level functions can then manifest. If the relationships are loose, the body created has limited functionality over that of any individual member because there is little synergy. When the relationships are close and founded on a basis of love, the body thus created has significant functionality over that of the individuals. When the group is small, few organs can be created so there is limited complexity or functionality. When the group is large, many organs can be created, resulting in highly increased complexity and functionality. Countries, regions, states cities, and neighborhoods could all be considered to be societies as could teams, groups, and any other organizations of people. For our purposes here, the most important society is The United States of America since it is the one established to set up the New Order for the Ages, novus ordo seclorum.Society is more than the government, however. It also includes all the economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.【答案】参考范文：Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. Society is more than the government, however. It also includes the entire economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.5. 单选题I didnt know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.问题1选项A.harmfulB.persistentC.interruptiveD.characteristic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。disruptive在句中是“破坏性的，扰乱性的”；A选项harmful“有害的”；B选项persistent“持久稳固的”；C选项interruptive“中断的，阻碍的”；D选项characteristic“有特征的”，句意：我当时不知道，但这种颠覆性的阅读方式始于我捡到的第一本小说。因此只有C项符合。6. 单选题Because of its favorable climate, its easy access to the principal silk and tea producing area, and its（ ）to the main interior trade routes, Shanghai attracted more foreign attention than any other port in Ch