Unit 9:现在完成时讲解一 基本结构：助动词have/has+(done)二句型：否定句：主语 +have/has+not+过去分词 +其他 .一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他 .简略答语 : Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定 )No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.( 否定 )三用法（ 1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是 :现在我没有钱花了 .)My father has gone to work.(含义是 :我爸爸现在不在这儿 ) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 ,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（ be 动词表示）常与 for （+时间段） ,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点（译为：自从 以来） sin ce+时段 +ago since+ 从句（过去时） It is+时段 +since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了 (现在不在说话现场 )1/13Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志 1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响 ,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 :* 以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过 xx。* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过 xx 三次了。 * 以 so far（到目前为止）为标 +beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了xx。She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在 , 甚至有可能继续延续下去 ,我们可以从动作 “延续”的特性和 “时间 ”点段的区分入手 ,进一步学习现在完成时。* for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday,lastweek, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when 连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六过去分词2/131 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed。”work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以 “ e结”的动词，只在词尾加尾 “ d。” live-lived-lived ,(3)、以 “辅音字母+ y 结”尾的动词，将y 变为 i ，再加 “ ed。”study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed。”stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、：AAA 型原型 过去式过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putset set set3/13shut shut shutspread spread spreadread read readread 原形发音为 /ri:d/, 过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB 型beat beat beatenABA 型run ran run特殊情况ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundhear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept kept4/13lay laid laidlead led ledlose lost lostmake made mademeet met metsell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stoodsweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told toldthink thought thoughtwin won wonABC型begin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke brokenchoose chose chosendraw drew drawndrive drove driven5/13drink drank drunkfly flew flownforgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grownknow knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shakensing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote writtenbuy-haveborrow -keepgo out-be outleave -be awaybegin-be onfinish-be overopen-be openclose -be closed6/13die-be dead 1.have 代替 buyMy brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用 have a cold代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put onb)用“ be形容词 ”代1、bemarried 代 marry2、beill 代 fall (get) ill3、bedead 代 die4、beasleep 代 fall (get) asleep5、beawake 代 wake/wake up6、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen 代 open8、be closed代 close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代 losec)用“ be副词 ”代终止性动词1“ beon”代 start,begin7/132“ beup”代 get upd)用“ be介词短语 ”代终止性动词2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army3. “ be in/at地+点 ”代替 move to常用瞬间动词变表： have been in sw./at 相应的介词5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been； up7. have died have been ；dead8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. h