2022-2023年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题在20世纪50年代早期到60年代中期，营养学历史的第三个时期种，维生素疗法开始变得声名狼藉。随之而来的是在医科学校中营养学教育也变得不那么热门了。就在这种情况发生的十年前，许多医药公司发现他们的维生素销量猛增，并迅速把大量维生素样品和宣传材料提供给开业医师，这些材料大肆喧扬补充各种与健康相关状况的维生素的好处。对维生素在疾病控制方面成功的期望被夸大了。正如在回顾这种状况时大 家都知道的，维生素和矿物疗法在用于治疗严重的健康状况时比治疗长期因营养不良而导致的慢性健康问题时效果要小的多。【答案】From the early 1950s to the middle 1960s, namely, in the third historic period of nutrition, vitamin therapies began to become notorious. Consequently, the nutrition course in medical schools became less popular. Just before a decade ago, many pharmaceutical companies found the sales of vitamin soaring. So they quickly provided plenty of vitamin samples and promotional materials, which would publicize the benefit of taking vitamins, for medical practitioners. As a result, it exaggerated the function of vitamins to successfully control disease. It is well-known that curative effect of vitamin and mineral therapy for the treatment of serious disease is much less than that of the treatment of chronic disease, such as malnutrition.2. 单选题Competition for admission to the countrys top private schools has always been tough, but this year Elisabeth realized it had reached a new level. Her wake-up call came when a man called the Dalton School in Manhattan, where Elisabeth is admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for their kindergarten program. After providing the information, she asked about the age of his child. The man paused for an uncomfortably long time before answering. “Well, we dont have a child yet. Were trying to figure out when to conceive a child so the birthday is not a problem.”Worries are spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise current data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent schools all told the same story: an oversupply of applicants, higher rejection rates. “We have people calling us for spots two years down the road,” said Marilyn of the Seven Hills School in Cincinnati. We have grandparents calling for pregnant daughters. Public opinion polls indicate that Americans No. 1 concern is education. Now that the long economic boom has given parents more disposable income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $10000 a year. “Were getting applicants from a broader area geographically than we ever have in the past,” said Betsy of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year.“The problem for the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not.” Every year, there are a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, there are a significant number without places,” said Elisabeth.So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no easy way to pick a class when children are so young. Many schools give preference to children of their graduates. Some make the choice by drawing lots. But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys.The worst thing a parent can do is to pressure preschoolers to performfor example, by pushing them to read or do math exercises before theyre ready. Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives. Another year in preschool may be all thats needed.16. From this text we learn that it is _.17. The sentence “We have people.down the road” (Paragraph 2) probably means _.18. The text indicates that private schools are very selective because they _.19. From the text, we can infer that author _.20. Which of the following can serve as a Title of this text?问题1选项A.harder to make a choice between public and private schoolsB.harder to go to private schools this year than beforeC.more difficult to go to public schools than to private schoolsD.as difficult to go to private schools this years before问题2选项A.we have people calling us for parking space two years ahead of timeB.people called us for permission to use the places two years agoC.we received calls from people down the road two years agoD.people called us for school vacancies two years in advance问题3选项A.have no reliable methods to pick students for a classB.want a good mixture of boys and girls for classesC.encounter more demand than they can cope withD.prefer to enroll children of their relatives问题4选项A.favors the idea of putting children on a waiting listB.agrees to text preschoolers cognitive potentialsC.thinks children should be better prepared academicallyD.disapproves of the undue