课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading Pre- reading.阅读理解 AA couple of years ago, music psychologist Elizabeth Margulis decided to make some changes to the music of Luciano Berio. Berio was one of the most famous classical composers of the 20th century. After loading his most famous piece into a computer editing program, she just randomly started cutting.The idea behind this act was simple: Margulis wanted to see if she could make people like Berios music more by making it more repetitive.Margulis knew that 90 percent of the music we listen to is music weve heard before. We return again and again to our favorite songs, listening over and over to the same musical riffs (重复乐段), which themselves repeat over and over inside the music, and shed become obsessed with understanding why repetition is so compelling (引人入胜的). This is why she was razoring the music of Berio because his music isnt at all repetitive.We are drawn to repetition. It surrounds us, not just in modern American pop music, Margulis says, but everywhere. “Musical repetitiveness isnt really an individual feature of music thats arisen over the past few hundred years in the West，” she says. “It seems to be a cultural universal. Not only does every known human culture make music, but also, every known human culture makes music in which repetition is a defining (典型的) element.”Why? One part of the answer is whats known as the mere exposure effect.Psychologists have found that people tend to start off wary (谨慎的) of or even unfriendly to new things, which makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. But then the act of mere exposure changes our feelings. We typically feel more warmly toward things we encounter again and again.So mere exposure is one of the reasons we respond so well to repetition both of music and in music but Margulis clearly doesnt think its the whole story. She says repetition also allows us to shift (转移) our attention around, from the surface aspects of the music to other aspects. So basically, part of what the repetition in music allows us to do is leave ourselves. In some small way, it allows us to shift and adjust our reality. And reality can often use some adjusting.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为什么我们在听音乐的时候，会发现音乐总是重复及重复的作用等。1Why did Margulis change Berios music?ATo find the role of repetition.BTo show her talent in music.CTo make his music more famous.DTo test a computer editing program.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段的“if she could make people like Berios music more by making it more repetitive”和第三段的“shed become obsessed with understanding why repetition is so compelling (引人入胜的)”可知，她这样做的原因就是想了解音乐重复的作用。2If we hear new music again and again, we _.Acant deal with its sound betterBtend to be cautious of it very muchCmay expect something from it consciouslyDwont know when we have heard it解析：选C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But then the .again and again.”可知，如果我们反复听新的音乐，我们或许会有意识地从中期望一些东西。3From the last paragraph, we can infer the repetition makes us _.Aexperience the content of the songsBrespond to the whole music betterCremember the words of songs clearlyDshift our experience of reality around us解析：选D细节理解题。结合最后一段的“She says repetition .adjust our reality.”可知，音乐中的重复会使我们从事情的表面看到其他的方面，以及暂时的逃离现实等。4What might be the most suitable title for the passage?ATo play music again and againBTo be exposed to music fullyCTo enjoy the beauty of musicDTo find the secret to musical effects解析：选A标题归纳题。本文主要解释了为什么音乐中会有不断地重复，以及这种音乐的重复起着什么作用等情况，因此A项符合主题。BOne of the most significant parts of my high school career would be playing in the orchestra. I remember when I first started playing the viola (中提琴) in my schools program as an inexperienced fourth grader. As my interest in music grew, I decided to find a private instructor.During my first lesson, I was surprised at what Dr. T was teaching how to hold the viola and play open strings! To me, these were basic concepts I had long ago mastered. However, the following week, what I thought I had learned was completely disproven. With such high expectations, Dr. T criticized many aspects of my posture, intonation and bowing (音准和弓法). But as I became more familiar with my viola, Dr. T started assigning me actual compositions. Meanwhile, I became more and more interested in our schools ensemble (合奏组)I first decided to become a section leader in middle school, when we were given the opportunity to try out for our ensembles first and second chairs. During the first class, our conductor, Mrs. V, introduced us to a section leaders responsibilities. These duties included helping others with the concert music and setting a good example. After discussion, I decided to try out and started preparing the assigned piece. Every day, I would practice for at least 45 minutes. Needless to say, this was easier said than done. It required a lot of concentration and will power. Regardless, by the end of the week, I had become more fam