2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题This focus on rote memorization can be _ to cultivating strong creative thinkers or coming up with their own way of doing things.问题1选项A.detrimentalB.conduciveC.confidentialD.perceptual【答案】A【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项detrimental“不利的；有害的”；B选项conducive“有益的；有助于”；C选项confidential“机密的；表示信任的”；D选项perceptual“感知的；有知觉的”。句意：专注于死记硬背，对于培养具有强大的创造性思维思考者是_的，对于形成他们自己的做事方式也是_的。想培养创造性思维不能只死记硬背，A选项detrimental“不利的；有害的”符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为A。2. 单选题In individualistic cultures, people put emphasis on self-interests, and tend to have emotional detachment from their ingroup.问题1选项A.concernB.disinterestednessC.dedicationD.fondness【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. concern 关心；忧虑 B. disinterestedness 不感兴趣C. dedication 奉献 D. fondness 喜爱【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】根据常识，“个人主义”文化中，人们往往强调自身利益，不关心集体利益，只有B选项disinterestedness“不感兴趣”与原文情感基调一致，符合题意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。【句意】在个人主义文化中，人们强调自身利益，往往在情感脱离自己的群体。3. 单选题In individualistic cultures, people put emphasis on self-interests, and tend to have emotional detachment from their in-group.问题1选项A.concernB.disinterestednessC.dedicationD.fondness【答案】B【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项concern“关心；忧虑”；B选项disinterestedness“漠不关心，不感兴趣”；C选项dedication“奉献；献身”；D选项fondness“喜爱”。句意：在个人主义文化中，人们强调自身利益，往往在情感上_于自己的群体。由“个人主义”可知，人们往往强调自身利益，忽视集体利益，只有B选项与原文情感基调一致，符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为B。4. 单选题The word “conservation” has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-terms climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of mans fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.1. The authors attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is _.2. According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _.3. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didnt realize _.4. To avoid repeating the mistake of our forefathers, the author suggests that _.5. What does the author imply by saying “living space. is figured. also in cubic volume above the earth” (Para. 3)?问题1选项A.positiveB.neutralC.suspiciousD.critical问题2选项A.they had no idea about scientific forestryB.they had little or no sense of environmental protectionC.they were not aware of the significance of nature studyD.they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials问题3选项A.the interdependence of water, soil, and living thingsB.the importance of the proper use of landC.the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floodsD.the value of the beauty of nature问题4选项A.we plant more treesB.natural science be taught to everybodyC.environmental education be directed toward everyoneD.we return to nature问题5选项A.Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.B.Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.C.We need to take some measure to protect space.D.We must preserve good living conditions for both birds and animals.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1. 观点态度题。题干“作者对自然资源开发现状的态度是_。”根据原文第3段第1句For the sake of ourselves and t