高二英语教学案 模块五 非谓语动词之二Teaching aims1. Help students recognize the basic forms of the to-infinitive and the bare infinitive and learn how to use them in different situations.2. Help students learn how to use the verb-ing form as a noun in various situation.Teaching difficulities and focuses:How to help students learn the basic forms of the to-infinitive, the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form and how to use them in different situations.Teaching aids:Textbooks and BlackboardTeaching procedure:非谓语动词包括不定式，过去分词和动词的ing形式。动词的-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词。1动名词（Gerund）：1）动名词的功能：动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语和定语。例：1. Playing football is my favourite sport. 主语2.Tom made his aunt angry by not taking his medicine. 宾语3 Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.表语4.Theres a swimming pool in front of my house. 定语2）动名词用法注意点：A.时态和语态及动名词的复合结构 动名词的时态，语态见下表： 主 动被 动一 般doing (如：writing )being done (如：being written)完 成having done (如: having written) having been done 如：having been written 例：I remember being taken to Wuhan when I was a very small child.（动名词的一般被动态） She admitted having opened the box.（动名词的完成被动态） How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) (动名词的复合结构) B.动名词与不定式作主语，表语的区别。v-ing形式作主语时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的动作；而不定式作主语则表示在具体情况下特定的或一次性的动作。但有时可以通用。C.作宾语时，有些动词后只能用动名词，有些动词后只能用不定式，有的两者都能,有时含义相同，有时含义不同。只能用动名词作宾语的动词如下：v advise, allow, avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest, 只能用动名词作宾语的动词词组如下：v feel like, give up, put off, keep on, look forward to ,insist on ,get used to ,devote to 既能跟动名词用能跟不定式作宾语的动词分三类：v 在begin, start, continue, intend 等动词后跟v-ing形式和不定式作宾语，含义相同。注意：下列三种情况， begin/start后只能接动词不定式：1 start/begin本身用于ing形式： beginning/starting to do2 无生命名词做主语: Ice begins to melt.3 宾语是表示心理活动的词: begin to understand/ know/realize/wonderv 在like, love, hate等动词后v-ing形式作宾语时往往表示一般性的、习惯性的动作；而不定式作宾语则表示在具体情况下特定的或一次性的动作。下列动词后跟动名词或不定式意思完全不同。v 1.remember,forget, regret + doing 记得/忘记/懊悔曾做过某事 + to do记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事如：He regrets having told the news to his mother.他懊悔把着消息告诉了他妈。I regret to tell you that you are fired.我遗憾地告诉你你被解雇了。v 2.want,need,require+doing 需要被做 +to do 需要做v 3.stop,try, mean,go on,cant help,be used togo on to do 接着又做另一件事/go on doing 继续做同一件事stop to do 停下来去做某事/stop doing 停止做某事try to do 努力做某事/try doing 试一试做某事mean to do 打算想做某事/mean doing 意味着意思是做某事cant help (to)do无法去帮助做/cant help doing禁不住做某事be used to do被用来做/be used to doing习惯于做如：She cant help laughing after hearing the news.听到这消息她禁不住大笑起来。She cant help(to)do any housework with so much homework to do.由于有很多作业要做，她无法帮着做家务。D.作定语时，与现在分词的区别。 动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。现在分词动名词a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子a sleeping car一辆卧车a flying bird一只正在飞翔的鸟a flying course飞行课程a swimming girl一个正在游泳的女孩a swimming pool一个游泳池the running water自来水the running track跑道2现在分词(present participle)现在分词的形式与动名词相同，但功能不同。可在句中充当定语，表语，状语和补语。1）作定语an interesting book the man sitting by the window boiling water falling snow the bridge being builtA. 与动名词作定语的区别B. 与过去分词,不定式 作定语的区别过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间在逻辑上是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词在逻辑上是主谓关系。boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 开水 the changing world 变化中的世界 the changed world 变化了的世界 the developing countries 发展中国家 the developed countries 发达国家falling leaves 正在落下的叶子fallen leaves 落叶rising sun 正在升起的太阳risen sun 已经升起的太阳 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。the house being built/to be built/built by them正在被建/将要被建/建好了的房子2). 作表语 与过去分词作表语的区别分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in，若人/物本身令人感到有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：delighting令人高兴的 -delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的 -disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 -encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的 -pleased感到愉快的confusing令人困惑的 /confused感到困惑的puzzling令人费解的 -puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的 -satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的 -surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的 -worried感到担心的Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息，他们非常激动。3).作状语1 .Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.2. Being a student, he was interested in sports.3. Having written the letter, John went to the post office.现在分词作状语时，注意如下三点：v 相当于相应连接词引导的状语从句v