Section Grammar 现在完成时和现在完成进行时 语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感知1.句中均运用了现 I havent seenJustin since. Detective Sam Peterson，who has taken charge ofthe case，told journalists，Sometimes people make up such amazing stories. From our recent survey of students，we have foundthat 53 percent of the students often play sports. For centuries， people have reported seeing a wild creature in the Himalayas called Yeti. Large trackshave also been discoveredwhich some people say belong to the Wild Man. This incident has receivedgreat interest due toreports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the time the boy disappeared. Ive been writing the composition for two hours，but I havent finished it yet. I have been wantingto meet you for a long time. 语 法 精 要 点 拨一、现在完成时1现在完成时的用法在完成时，其谓语动词的构成形式为： have/has过去分词。2.句运用了现在完成进行时，其谓语动词的构成形式为： have/has been现在分词，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。3.现在完成时有两个基本用法：一是表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，如句；二是表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去，如句。(1)表示过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在造成的影响。动作虽然发生在过去，但落脚点在现在。Ive forgottenhis telephone number.我忘记了他的电话号码。(没法联系他了 )I havent finished reading this book yet， so I cant return it to the library.这本书我还没有看完，所以不能把它还给图书馆。(2)表示动作或状态从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，并可能延续下去。常与 so far，by now，up to now，since，for a long time，up till now ，in the past/last fewyears等表示一段时间的状语连用。He has worked here for twenty years by now.第 1页到现在为止，他已经在这儿工作20 年了。Up to now，we have receivedno letters from her.到现在为止，我们没有收到她一封信。 名师点津 (1)该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，不能是非延续性动词或趋向动词。(2)非延续性动词用于否定句可以表示否定的状态，故可以用来表示状态的持续。(3)由 since 引导的时间状语中 ，since 后面的时间名词必须是 “时间点 ”，而不能是 “ 时间段 ”；而 for 短语中的时间名词必须是“时间段 ” (有时 for 可省去 )。Ive known him since1980.我从 1980 年就认识他了。I have learnt English (for) many years.我学英语已很多年了。即时演练 1用所给动词的适当形式填空The price has gone (go)down，but Im not sure whether it will remain so. All the windows have been painted (paint)， and they look new. I have read (read)many reports about the UFO recently. In the last few years， China has made (make) great achievements inenvironmental protection. His first novel has received (receive) good reviews since it came out lastmonth. I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the pianofor me?Sorry， I havent played (not play) the piano for years.2现在完成时的常用句型(1)It/This is the first/second/.time that主语谓语部分 (常用现在完成时 )(2)It has been一段时间 since.(3)It/This/That is the最高级名词定语从句(定语从句常用现在完成时)第 2页It is the first time that Ive heard of the story about Crop Circles.这是我第一次听说麦田怪圈的故事。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。3在时间或条件状语从句中 ，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时If you have donethe experiment， you will realize the theory better.如果你做过这个实验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。4现在完成时和一般过去时的区别时态区别例句重在强调过去的动作或I have lost my new book. 我把新现在完成状态对现在的影响，重点书弄丢了。 (现在还未找到 )时在现在。重在强调某个过去的动I lost my new book yesterday. 我一般过去昨天把新书弄丢了。 (昨天丢的，作或状态，与现在并无联时现在找到与否没有说明 )系。即时演练 2用所给动词的适当形式填空cleanWe cleaned the classroom just now.We have already cleaned the classroom. workI worked in the factory for 3 years，now I run a restaurant.I have worked in the factory for 3 years. Kevin， you look worried.Anything wrong?Well，I took (take) a test and Im waiting for the result.二、现在完成进行时1现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，更强调动作的延续性，常与for， since 等引出的时间状语连用。They have been livinghere for 10 years.他们住在这里 10 年了。第 3页I have been waitingfor you about half an hour.我等你大概半个小时了。(2)表示动作的反复性。They have been discussingthe matter several times this year.他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。(3)表示某种感情色彩。I have been waitingto see you for a long time.长久以来，我一直等着见你。 名师点津 表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。我认识他已经好几年了。I have known him for years.()I have been knowing him for years.()即时演练 3用所给动词的适当形式填空 Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing (write) his essay there ever since.The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. In order to find the missing child ，villagers have been doing (do) all they canover the past five hours.2现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别时态基本语法功能动作的反复感情色彩现在完成进行表示动作的持续可表示动作的可表示强烈的时反复感情色彩现在完成时表示动作对现在的影不表示动作的一般不含有感响或产生的结果反复情色彩He has written a letter.他写了一封信。 (信已写好 )He has been writinga letter.第 4页他一直在写一封信。 (信尚未完成 )Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗？ (现实结果 )Have you been meetinghim recently?你最近常和他见面吗？ (动作的反复 )