2022年考博英语-西南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题In the future the little privacy we now have will be gone. Some people call this loss of privacy Orwellian，harking back to 1984. George Orwells classic work on privacy and autonomy. In that book, Orwell imagined a future in which a totalitarian state used spies, video surveillance, and control over the media to maintain its power. But the age of monolithic state control is over. The future were rushing toward isnt one in which our every move is watched and recorded by an all-known government. It is instead a future of a hundred electronic monitors who constantly watch and interrupt our daily lives, and where threats to privacy find their roots in the free market, advanced technology, and the unbridled exchange of electronic information.The problem with the word privacy is that it falls short of conveying the really big picture. Privacy isnt just about hiding things. Its about self-possession, autonomy, and integrity. As we move into the computerized world of the 21 century, privacy will be one of our most important civil rights. But this right of privacy isnt the right of people to close their doors and pull down their window shades-perhaps because they want to engage in some sort of illicit or illegal activity. Its the right of people to control which details about their lives stay inside their own houses and which leak to the outside.Todays war on privacy is intimately related to the recent dramatic advances in technology. Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modem society, we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy. If we want the convenience of paying for a meal by credit card, then we must accept the routine collection of our purchases in a large database over which we have no control.This trade-off is both unnecessary and wrong. It reminds me of another crisis our society faced back in the fifties and sixties-the environmental crisis. Then, advocates of big business said that poisoned rivers and lakes were the necessary costs of economic development, jobs, and an improved standard of living. Poison was progress: anybody who argued otherwise simply didnt understand the facts.Today we know better. Today we know that sustainable economic development depends on preserving the environment. Similarly, in order to reap the benefits of technology. It is more important than ever for us to use technology to protect personal freedom.1.The passage indicates that privacy is （ ）.2.In line 18, the underlined ”degree” most nearly means（ ）.3.Lines 18-20(If we.control”) primarily serve to（ ）.4.The statements in lines 24-25(poison facts”) is intended to represent the point of view of（ ）.5.The passage concludes by suggesting that if technology is to have a positive effect on peoples lives, then（ ）.6.The author supports the idea that privacy can be protected（ ）.问题1选项A.less valued by people than it once wasB.difficult to maintain in the contemporary worldC.necessary for individual freedomD.a stumbling block to economic growth问题2选项A.stageB.sequenceC.measureD.standing问题3选项A.introduce an additional pointB.discourage a course of actionC.question a decisionD.illustrate a preceding statement问题4选项A.big businessB.environmentC.the authorD.the public问题5选项A.individual rights must be expandedB.protective measures must be takenC.technological advances must be supportedD.further research must be found问题6选项A.at a modest cost to most businessB.with the help of new technologiesC.without giving up valued servicesD.through appropriate government interventions【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B【解析】1.文章第一句提到在未来，我们现在拥有的隐私都会消失（In the future the little privacy we now have will be gone.），未来将会有100台电子监视器不断监视和干扰我们的日常生活，对隐私的威胁根源于自由市场、先进的科学技术和电子信息交流（It is instead a future of a hundred electronic monitors who constantly watch and interrupt our daily lives, and where threats to privacy find their roots in the free market, advanced technology, and the unbridled exchange of electronic information）。选项B “隐私在当代世界很难维持”符合题意。2.题干中的单词出现在文章第三段第二句话Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modem society, we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy （今天很多人说，为了享受现代社会的好处，我们必须放弃一定隐私），由some这个词可以推测这里指的是“一定程度上的隐私”。选项C符合题意，表示“程度；测量”。3.文章第三段最后一句话If we want the convenience of paying for a meal by credit card, then we must accept the routine collection of our purchases in a large database over which we have no control提到如果我们想要用信用卡支付餐费的方便，那么我们必须在一个我们无法控制的大型数据库中接受日常的采购收集。这个具体的例子是为了说明前文提到的“为了享受一些权益，我们必须放弃一定程度上的隐私”（Many people today say that in order to enjoy the benefits of modem society, we must necessarily relinquish some degree of privacy）。选项D符合题意。4.文章倒数第二段最后两句话提到大企业的拥护者认为有毒的河流和湖泊是经济增长必须的代价。毒药就是进步：那些反对的人是不了解这个事实（Then, advocates of big busin