2022年考博英语-东华大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “good and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange a tall, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.1. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _.2. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph 1) implies that _.3. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _.4. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys _.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.posing a contrastB.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparisonD.explaining a phenomenon问题2选项A.monkeys are also outraged by slacking rivalsB.resenting unfairness is also monkeys natureC.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherD.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions问题3选项A.more inclined to weigh what they getB.attentive to researchers instructionsC.nice in both appearance and temperamentD.more generous than their male companions问题4选项A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD.are unhappy when separated from others问题5选项A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the world.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“开篇作者是通过什么方法切入主题？”。首段举出人们对加薪不等的事情会气愤，说这种行为是“人类化的”(all too human)，但现在有研究表明这种行为也是“猴子化的”(all too monkey)行为。这里对这种行为的两种可能的属性进行类比以引出全文的主题；B项“证实一种假设”，原文提出的假定原本是人与猴不一样，所以该项错误；D项“解释一种现象”，这个说法不能够将开头和主题的内在联系结合起来。另外根据第二段第二行like their female human counterparts（就像女性人类一样）可知，这是比较的相同点；A项“指出对比”和C项“做出对照”看起来都是对的，但是A项里面的contrast是指不同处的比较，comparison是指相同处的比较，因此该题C选项正确。2.【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“第一段最后一行的句子it is all too money暗示什么？”。先找到all too human的是什么行为，根据第二句Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.（然而，如果你得知一位同事的工资比你高，你自己的快乐就会消失）和第三句Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.（事实上，如果他以懒散著称，你甚至可能会感到愤怒）可以推断出，人类对不公平的待遇会愤怒；最后一句提到有研究表明猴子也有这种行为，称为all too monkey；因此all too monkey暗示对不公平的憎恨猴子也会。A项“猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒”，文中只是提到人会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，没有说动物也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，所以不选；C项“猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒”是干扰项，文中的主题是告诉大家猴子和人一样对不公平也会愤怒；D项“除了猴子没有动物能够培养出这样的感情”，文中没有提到其他动物，所以不选。因此该题只有B选项正确。3.【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“选择雌性卷尾猴作为研究对象，很可能是因为它们确实是？”。第二段最后一句提到 like their female