欧洲文化入门复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek CultureI. 填空1. European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.3. In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, king of Macedon.4. In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.6. Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the worlds foremost amateur sports competition.7. Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.8. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9. The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, island of Ithaca.10. Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho and Pindar.11. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.12. Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympic odes.13. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.14. Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.15. Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King, Electra, and Antigone.16. Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and Trojan Women.17. Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B. C. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.18. Herodotus is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians.19. Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.20. Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.21. Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.22. Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything else had arisen.23. The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.24. Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomic structure of matter.25. In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they are the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics.26. Euclid is well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry.27. To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”28. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian style.29. The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years.30. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyces modernist masterpiece Ulysses.II. 选择1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2. In _ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200 B. C.B. 700 B. C.C. 146 B. C.D. The 5th century3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King6. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”?A. PythagorasB. HeracleitusC. Aristotle9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. EpicurusIII. 名词解释1. Aeschylus2. Plato3. The CynicsIV. 简答与问答1. What are the major elements in European culture?2. What were the main features of ancient Greek society?3. Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write?4. Tell some of Platos ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5. Give some examp