Section Grammar & Writing虚拟语气(一)语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、假想或建议。一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法主句条件状语从句与过去事实相反should/would/could/ mighthave过去分词had过去分词与现在事实相反would/should/could/ might动词原形一般过去时(be动词常用were)与将来事实相反would/should/could/ might动词原形一般过去时/should动词原形/were to doIf the new safety system had been put to use, the accident would never have happened.(与过去事实相反)如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，那场事故就不会发生了。We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.(与现在事实相反)如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.(与将来事实相反)格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。 对接高考If Mr.Dewey _(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.如果杜威先生在场， 他就会向那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。 had been解析：根据本句后面主句中的would have offered说明与过去事实相反， 故从句中使用过去完成时。I _(go) to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会， 但我没有空。 would have gone解析： I was not available表示的是过去的真实情况， 为含蓄条件， 相当于if I had been available(如果我有空的话), 此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气， 主句应使用“wouldhave done”结构。 二、虚拟条件句的特殊情况1虚拟条件句的省略与倒装若if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had，were，should时，省略if，可以把had，were，should放在句首，使用倒装语序。Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生可能克服不了她的困难。It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。 对接高考_(be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.如果没有现代的电信业， 要想得到世界各地的消息， 我们就不得不等几个星期。 Were解析： 本题是一个if条件句的虚拟语气， 表示与现在事实相反， if从句中使用“过去时/were”， 主句使用“情态动词动词原形”； 在if被省略的时候， 要使用部分倒装。 2错综时间条件句如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.也许如果当时我学的是理科不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。3含蓄虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。Do you have Bettys phone number?你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？Yes.Otherwise, I wouldnt have been able to reach her yesterday.是的，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不是托马斯爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。三、虚拟语气用于宾语从句本单元主要讲虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句。wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气一般分三种情况：用法宾语从句中谓语动词的形式对现在情况的假设一般过去时(be动词常用were)对过去情况的假设had过去分词对将来情况的假设would/could/might动词原形I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.我多么希望上周二我参加了我妹妹的婚礼，但是我当时在纽约出差。 单句语法填空1 Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _(tell) me, I could have helped.答案：had told2 If it _(not be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.答案：had not been3 Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDSrelated deaths _(not fall) since their highest in 2005.答案：would not have fallen4 It is lucky we booked a room, or we _(have) nowhere to stay now.答案：would have5I wish I _(be) a singer now and that I _(sing) all over the world in the future.答案：were；would/could sing6Without your help, we _ (not finish) the work ahead of time.答案：couldnt/wouldnt have finished7I was ill that day.Otherwise, I _(take) part in the sports meeting.答案：would/could/might have taken8Peter wishes that he _ (study) law instead of literature when he was in college.答案：had studied 单句改错1If it rained tomorrow, they will not go for a picnic._ 答案：will would2If I have known that it was going to rain，I would never have gone for a walk in the country. _ 答案：第一个havehad3I wish I had a chance to talk to you last night, but you left so early._ 答案：在had前加had4But for the help of my English teacher, I will not have won first prize in the English competition._ 答案：willwould5If I am you, I would go to Shanghai to watch the football match now._ 答案：amwere 语法与写作1我希望我有一天能飞到月球去。I wish I _ one day.答案：could/would fly to the moon2要不是天气不好，我们昨天就去野营了。But for the bad weather, we _ yesterday.答案：would have gone camping3如果我是一个超人，我会做我想做的任何事情。If _， I _ I like.答案：I were a superman；would do anything4如果我听从了父亲的建议，我会做得更好。If I _ my fathers suggestion, I would have done it better.答案：had taken5如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动。If you _ in advance, you _in such an awkward position now.答案：had prepared；wouldnt be如何写道歉信 文体感知道歉信是写信人对未尽之事向收信人表示歉意， 语言要诚挚， 解释的理由要真实， 不要显出丝毫虚情假意， 从而使收信人理解， 并达到最终谅解。 道歉信通常包括三部分： 1表示歉意， 道歉的原因； 2出现差错的原因， 提出弥补的措施； 3请求原谅。 增分佳句1I apolog