2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题She suggested that the expedition be（）with the latest scientific equipment.问题1选项A.afflictedB.permeatedC.paddledD.outfitted【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。afflicted折磨、使痛苦；permeate渗透、弥漫；paddled划桨；outfitted配备、机构。句意：她建议探险队配备最新的科学设备。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题This border incident led to the two countries（）diplomatic relations in 1965.问题1选项A.breaking upB.finishingC.cutting outD.breaking off【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。breaking up终止；cutting out切断；breaking off突然停止。句意：这一边境问题导致两国于1965年终止外交关系。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Examinations do not（）students to seek more knowledge.问题1选项A.exertB.instructC.motivateD.qualify【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。exert运用；instruct指导；motivate激励；qualify使有资格。句意：考试无法激励学生去追求更多的知识。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题The phrase “melting pot” has become associated with the American society, implying that many racial and ethnic groups have been integrated into one culture. Scholars disagree as to what extent this assimilation or integration has actually taken place. Many of them see the American society as a “salad bowl”, where various groups have remained distinct and separate from each other, even though they work and live in the same society.There is no doubt that assimilation has taken place, especially among the whites from different nationalities and religious backgrounds; the disagreement is only about to what extent this assimilation has actually taken place. The scholars argue that “melting plot” is an inaccurate description of the American society. Let alone other more distinct races and ethnic groups, they point to the American Jews as the group of whites who have retained their separateness.Many scholars feel that the unwillingness by the Jewish Americans to assimilate with the American society comes mainly from centuries of persecution in European countries, some of which survived and came along with European Christians to America. Weaker forms of discrimination and anti-Jewish feelings still exist among European descendents, making it more difficult for the Jews to assimilate into the mainstream American culture. Their own cultural and religious pride also plays important roles in maintaining their separateness.What is interesting, however, is that Jewish groups, along with their separateness, have a strong sense of belonging to the larger American culture in which they have achieved success in nearly every field. In fact, among the groups that have retained their national or ethnic identities, the Jewish groups are the most successful, according to a nation-wide survey. Many Jews attribute this success to their separateness, which has prevented them from losing values that contribute to their success.1.What sentence would best summarize this passage?2.The European descendents who most likely discriminate against the American Jews are （）3.Many scholars prefer to describe American society as a “salad bowl” because it （）4.The author claims that Jewish groups retain most of their cultural identity and（）5.According to the passage, one of the reasons why the Jews have remained mostly separate is（）问题1选项A.American society is either a “melting pot” or a “salad bowl”, depending on who is talking about it.B.Jewish groups have a strong sense of identity and refuse to assimilate with other Americans.C.Scholars disagree about the extent to which assimilation of different races and ethnic groups has taken place in American society.D.There is still some discrimination and persecution of Jews in America.问题2选项A.ChristiansB.scholarsC.capitalistsD.Catholics问题3选项A.shows cultural and religious differences of various cultural groupsB.shows the togetherness and separateness of different ethnic, national, and racial groupsC.is more colorful and imaginativeD.is more progressive问题4选项A.their separateness prevents them from achieving successB.other groups dislike them for their separateness from the mainstream American cultureC.also think of themselves as belonging to the American cultureD.refuse to cooperate with other cultural groups问题5选项A.seeing no advantage in assimilatingB.lack of opportunity to assimilateC.the fear of losing their identityD.their pride in their own culture【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲学者们在美国社会中不同种族和民族的融合问题上存在分歧。所以选项C最能概括全文。2.判断推理题。根据第三段的第一句“Many scholars feel that . with European Christians to America.”许多学者认为，美国犹太人不愿意融入美国社会，主要是由于几个世纪以来欧洲国家的迫害，其中一些国家幸存下来，与欧洲的基督徒一起来到了美国。由此可以推断，欧洲后代中最有可能歧视美国犹太人的是基督教徒，所以选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“salad bowl”定位到第一段的最后一句“various groups have remained distinct and separate from each other, even though they work and live in the same society.”不同的群体虽然在同一社会中工作和生活，但仍然彼此独立。选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Jewish groups, along with their separateness, have a strong sense of belonging to the l