2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题A recent study, published in last weeks Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with really stupid behavior than with just a lack of driving experience. The basic issue he says, is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使 缓解) the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest, with a novice driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (without the presence of an adult over 25) for the first six months.1.Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?2.According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to（ ）.3.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?4.A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers driving accidents is that（ ）.5.The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system（ ）.问题1选项A.Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B.A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C.Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D.A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.问题2选项A.their frequent driving at nightB.their improper way of drivingC.their lack of driving experienceD.their driving with passengers问题3选项A.Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B.Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C.Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.D.The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers driving accidents.问题4选项A.driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB.they should be prohibited from taking on passengersC.they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D.the licensing system should be improved问题5选项A.is under discussionB.is about to be set upC.has been put into effectD.has been perfected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪种情况最危险。根据原文前两段可知，青少年驾车载着超过3名乘客出行发生致命事故的概率是那些独自开车青少年的3倍，而青少年司机的死亡率在晚上10点，特别是午夜之后急剧上升。因此，B选项正确。A选项“成年人在晚上10点钟后搭载青少年”与C选项“成年人在晚上很晚时搭载3名以上青少年乘客”均不正确。D选项“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的车”在原文没有提及，可排除。2.细节事实题。题干询问Robert Foss认为青少年死亡率高的原因。根据题干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司机的死亡率高与其真正愚蠢的行为关系不大，而是因为他们缺乏驾驶经验，故本题正确答案为C。A选项“频繁在晚上驾驶”：B选项“他们不恰当的驾驶方式”；D选项“他们载乘客驾驶”均与原文不符，故排除。3.细节事实题。A选项“青少年应该花更多的时间学习驾驶”在原文并未提及，可排除；B选项“驾驶对青少年来说太复杂了所以学不会”，属于无中生有，可排除；C选项“青少年申请参加驾驶课程应当有一些限制”由第三段内容不能得出，可排除。根据原文第三段最后一句可知，根本问题是，负责发放驾照的成年人没有意识到驾驶是一项多么复杂和需要熟练度的任务。也就是说驾照发行机构应该对此事负有一定的责任。因此，只有D项与原文内容相符，故本题正确答案为D选项。4.事实细节题。根据原文倒数第二段the way to mitigate the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems可知，缓解青少年驾驶事故的方法是建立所谓的驾照分级许可制度，因此D选项“改善驾照许可制度”正确。A选项为“规定青少年要在成人陪同下驾驶”；B选项为“应该不准他们载客”：C选项为“应该禁止他们晚上10点后开车”。A、B、C三项均不符合题意，因此本题正确答案为D项。5.事实细节题。根据题干定位至原文最后一段第二句About half of the states now have some soil of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers可知，美国现在大约有一半的州已经有了分级许可制度，但只有10个州对乘客有限制。说明这种制度已经建立了，只是还不够完善。A选项“在讨论中”、B选项“即将建立”和C选项“已经被实施”都不符合，因此本题正确答案为C项。2. 单选题Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultur