2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题If a contemporary Rip Van Winkle had slept for forty years and awakened today, he would have to go back to school before he could understand a daily newspaper or a magazine. He would never have heard of atomic bombs, baby sitters, flying saucers or contact lenses, or of mambo, microfilm, nylons, or smog.Many new words have been added to the English language in the past forty years; and since Shakespeares time the number of words in the language has increased more than five times, from about 140,000 to somewhere between 700,000 and 800,000. Most of these new words have not come from borrowing, but from the natural growth of language.The language has always changed, but the rate of change has been uneven; minor changes have slowly accumulated in every generation, but there have been periods of rapid change as well .The most important of these periods occurred during the two hundred and fifty years after 1066, the year the Normans conquered England. Before the conquest, the inhabitants of English spoke Anglo-Saxon, a complex Germanic language. The Normans were Norsemen who settled in northern France in the tenth century and by 1066 were speaking a form of French. After their conquest of England they instituted Norman French as the dominant language the language of the upper classes, of law, of government and of such commerce as there was.Nevertheless, the mass went right on speaking Anglo-Saxon and reestablished itself as the language of the upper classes, as English, and had it become a flexible, exact, splendid and moving instrument of expression. Norman French, meanwhile, had become something comic spoken by the villains in the old mystery plays just for a laugh.The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, during which printing become established, saw the stabilization of spelling and, more important, the establishment of colonies in America. Immediately the language of the new world and that of the old world began to draw apart. In writing, too, a change has taken place. The use of the colloquial in American writing is increasing rather than diminishing. The increasing use of the colloquial in our writing is an interesting change that is bound to have far-reaching consequences.The enormous enlargement of our vocabulary, the increasing use of our writing of the spoken idiom, and changes in our pronunciation are not the only changes that taking place, however. There have also been significant grammatical alternations in our language. Such changes take place only by generations or decades at the fastest, so they pass unnoticed by all but grammarians; yet even the layman can perceive them when he is told that something seems quite all right to him that regarded as erroneous only a few years ago.Nobody knows why all these changes are being made, perhaps we are in the process of reducing our verbs to a few basic words. If this is so, it may mark a change as significant as that took place after the Norman conquest.Whatever the reasons for the changes that are taking place, the vocabulary will probably continue to expand, because the expansion of our knowledge and experience requires the invention of new words or the adaptation of old ones. Meaning will depend more and more upon word order and context, and spelling will become simpler, with fewer common variants. Pronunciation, because of the great mobility of our population and the spread of radio and television, will tend to become more uniform.1. What will probably happen to the vocabulary according to the author?2. The most important change of language in England after 1066 was that（ ）.3. Why did grammatical alteration changes take place unnoticed?4. Why are all these changes being made?5. According to this passage, most of the new words are from（ ）.问题1选项A.The meaning will depend more and more upon word order.B.The spelling will become simpler.C.The amount of vocabulary will continue to expand.D.All of above.问题2选项A.The people in England cant speak Anglo SaxonB.The official language has change from Anglo-Saxon language to Norman FrenchC.The Anglo-Saxon was instituted as the dominant languageD.The masses went on speaking Norman French问题3选项A.Because the changes gradually take place by generations or decades.B.Because grammatical alterations are not important compared with the other changes.C.Because only grammarians can perceive the alteration.D.Because the layman cannot perceive the alternations.问题4选项A.In order to meet the requirement of the development of language.B.Because we need to change the language to cope with grammar.C.Nobody knows the exact reasons.D.Because we are in the process of reducing our verbs to a few basic words.问题5选项A.borrowingB.the natural growth of languageC.combination of two old wordsD.daily newspaper or magazine【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C