方位词：be far from距离某处很远be near距离某处很近be next to紧邻be in the vicinity of 邻近be adjacent to邻近be located behind/in front of 坐落在的前面/后面be on ones left/right在某人的左边/右边turn left/right左转/右转go along沿着一直走go up/down向上（北）/向下（南）go straight across the yard径直穿过院子go back/back up 向回走go east/west/south/north向东/西/南/4 匕be the first from the left从左数第一个be on the corner of A street and B street 在 A 和 B 街角处parallel平行的intersection/crossroads/junction十字路口T-junction丁字路口pavement/sidewalk 人行道zebra crossing/pedestrian crossing斑马线in a clockwise/ counter-clockwise direction 顺时针，逆时针方向over here/over there/along here就在这里/那里next to/beside 在旁边on the left/ on the right/to your right/to your left/turn left/right 左转/右转right-hand/ left-hand右手边/左手边ahead of/in front of 在前面behind在后面at the top在上面at the bottom在底下， 在底部in the corner （in the far/ near corner）在角落里at the end of在尽头on one sideon the other side在一边在另一边in the centre/central/in the middle 在中间 be opposite to与对着around the corner to the left/ right在左边/右边拐角处Go along .till you meet沿. 一直走，直到Take the second turning on your left在第二个路口向左拐be in the corner of 在的角落里ground floor wing/annex basement一层翼楼/配楼地下室/第一层aisle过道corridor走廊elevator / lift电梯escalator扶梯fork road分叉路口landmark标志性建筑block/complex街区wheel chair access无台阶的/专供残疾人用lane小路、小巷signpost underpass clover-leaf路标地下通道立父桥traffic lights交通灯avenue林荫道、大街arrow箭头passagepedestrian通道行人如下图所示:Civic Square Smallille 198。Civic Square SmalMlle Now图例虽然纷繁复杂，但是究其本质，第一张图永远在描述所谓的“方位”，也就是，我 们需要在这张图中描述清楚图中的东西南北各自坐落了什么东西。其余的图，永远在描述所 谓的“变化”，相当于在第一张图的草稿基础上，描述第二张图发生的“加变化”和“减变 化”，“恒定变化“以及“转化变化”。第一组：方位词在这个方面，需要注意的是，我们需要准备好两者之间的所有可能的位置关系，除了最 基本的A在B的东西南北方以外，还需要掌握一些特定的限定表达，比如A在B的角落等等。基础表达：A在B的东西南北方（内部/接壤/不接触）：A is in /on / to the east/west/south/north of B.高阶表达：A在B的东西南北方（内部）：A is in the eastern/southern/western/northern part of B.A在B的东西南北角落：A is at/in the eastern/southern/western/northern corner of B.A坐落于距离B远处：A is（数字）kilometers / miles to the east / west / south / north of B.A和B很近：A is near /next to /close to B.A在B的对面：A is opposite / on the opposite side of B第二组：变化词其实，地图题目当中蕴涵的变化，从本质来说，无非是三种，一种为所谓的加变化”也 就是在原本基础上出现了新增的部分，另一种为“减变化”，也就是原本的内容出现了缩减。所谓“恒定表达”，即前后没有发生变化。还有一种涉及到了两种内容之间的转化，被称之为 “转化表达”。加变化：A 尺寸上变大/变小了. ： The size of A has been enlarged by.A 被建造在 B： A is constructed / established in B.A 被增建在 B： A is added to B.减变化：A 尺寸上变大/变小了. ： The size of A has been reduced by.A 消失了 ： A disappeared / is removed.A 被推倒了： A is pulled down/knocked down/torn down.恒定表达：A has remained unchanged.转化表达：A 被改造成了 B： A is transformed / reconstructed into BA 被 B 替代了： A is replaced / substituted by B.现在让我们再回顾一下之前的地图，是不是一切都变得清晰起来了呢?建议可以在图边 列一个提纲。例如，一图提纲：car park （中间）garden（西边）shops（东边）post office（东南角落）town hall（北边）。二图提纲：car parkmultistory car park （转化表达： 替代）gardencity library （转化表达：改造）circular area（加变化：建造）Norfolk Pine trees （减变化：消失）post office and town hall （恒定表达：保持不变）On the left hand side, there is a toilet.在左手边有一个厕所。The show room is on your right.展览室在你右手边。The dog is beside the coke.那只狗在可乐旁边。The movie theatre is next to the shopping mall.电影院在购物中心隔壁。The bus stop is behind the gym.公交车站在体育馆后面。The beauty saloon is on the Pine Street.美容美发沙龙在pine street上。The library is on the corner of Apple Street and Pear Avenue.图书馆在Apple Street和Pear Avenue的交叉口。The library is on the northeast corner of Apple Street and Pear Avenue. 图书馆在Apple Street和Pear Avenue的交叉口的东北角。The kindergarten is 500 meter south of the police station.幼儿园在警察局南边500米。The supermarket is directly across from/ opposite the high school.超市在那个高中正对面。The square is (located) in the centre of the city.那个广场在市中心。The restaurant is around the corner from the cybercafe.餐馆从网吧绕过拐角就是。In the top right-hand corner, there is a grinding shop.右上角有一个碾磨车间。On the top of the machine, there is a solar panel.在这个机器的顶部有一个太阳能面板。