2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题There are many copper mines in the state of Arizona, _ contributes significantly to the states economy.问题1选项A.a factB.which factC.whose factD.that【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：亚利桑那州有许多铜矿，这一事实对该州的经济做出了重大贡献。非限制性定语从句在句子中是一个独立成分，不受主句的限制，也就是说从句去掉以后主句仍然成立；非限制性定语从句与先行词和主句之间的关系不甚紧密，通常用逗号与主句分隔开；非限制性定语从句先行词不用that，先行词是关系代词或关系副词不能省略。A选项a fact在这里不构成从句，故错误。B选项which fact不需要用名词fact，故错误。D选项that不用在非限制性定语从句中，故错误。C选项whose fact符合句子意思和语法。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Among the first plans to grow the land regions of Earth _, which in prehistoric times grew to immense size.问题1选项A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：在最初的计划中，地球规模中的陆地区域在史前时期规模增长到巨大。A选项segregation“分离；隔离”；B选项specification“规格；说明书”；C选项spectrum“光谱；频谱；范围”；D选项subscription“捐献；订阅；订金；签署”。根据immense size可知B选项specification“规格”符合题意。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题By the time you arrive in London, we _ in Europe for two weeks.问题1选项A.shall stayB.have stayedC.will have stayedD.have been staying【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：等你到达伦敦的时候，我们已经在欧洲待两个星期了。将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作；其结构为主语+shall/will have been+表语。根据语境，动作在将来某一时间前已经完成，C选项will have stayed符合题意。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Another food crop raised by Indians _ strange to the European was called Indian corn.问题1选项A.who wereB.that wereC.that wasD.who was【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：印第安人种植的另一种对欧洲人来说很陌生的粮食作物叫作印第安玉米。横线及strange to the European部分是修饰another food crop的定语从句，根据another food crop是不可数名词确定用that was，C选项that was符合题意。因此C选项正确。5. 翻译题Human beings: in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 41. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversify in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, Anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind, Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 42. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 43. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropology analysis rests heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 44. Tylor defined culture as “.that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” So profound in its simplicity, this insight opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylors definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.45. Thus, the Anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.【答案】41. 另外，人类还有能力改善自己的生存环境，从而使所有其他形态的生命服从于人类自己独特的想法和想象。42. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图寻求像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性、有序、系统和客观的方式研究人类及其行为。43. 重视收集第一手资料，结合在分析古今的文化现象时采用跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独一无二并且极为重要的社会科学。44. 泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合整体，（它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。”45. 因此，人类学中“文化”的概念就像数学中“集合”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和理解成为可能。6. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard toD.in case of【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“符合；与一致”；B选项in terms of“依据”；C选项in regard to“关于”；D选项in case of“万一；假使”。句意：一个国家的财富应该_其人民的健康和幸福以及它所能生产的物质产品来衡量。根据语境，这里指国家的财富应该用人民和物质来衡量，所以B选项in terms of“依据”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题The early years of the United States government were characterized by a debate concerning _ or individual states should have mor