英国文学史资料 British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫 :the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant soun(d 头韵) Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 ?乔叟 1340(?)1400(首创双韵体”英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为英国诗歌之父 ”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。 )The father of English poetry.It is alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的 )realisticpicture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. W罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 The House of Fame 誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form:Roma nee传奇故事)Famous three： King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Two features1. a thirsting curiosity for the clasical literature2. the keen interst in the activities ofhumanity.The Renaissance marksa transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:(1) to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,(2) to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,(3) to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.Three historical events of the Renaissanee -rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformatio n and econo mic expa nsion3. rediscovery of ancient Roma n and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Joh nson.En glish Ren aissa nce:the early 16th cen tury to the early 17th cen tury.I. Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙？斯宾塞 15521599(后人称之为 诗人的诗人 ”。)The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poet corner ofWestermi nster Abbey12. Which of the follow ing stateme nts is not the reason for that Edmund Spen ser is famous forfhe poetspoet? ( B )A. Spen ser S idealismB. his struggle for criteriaC. his love of beautyD. his exquisite melody The Faerie Queene仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not Arms and the man”，but something more romantic Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spen seria n StanzaDefin iti on of Spen seria n Stan za:a sta nza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pen tameter, and last li ne in iambic hexameter. The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历The theme is to lame nt over the loss of Rosali nd. 爱情小唱2. Thomas More 托马斯?莫尔 14781535One of the greatest En glish huma ni sts乌托邦3. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯？培根 15611626(哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主 义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。)Philosopher, scie ntist, lay the foun dati on for moder n scie nee. The first En glish essayist.Writi ng style: brevity, compact ness&powerf uln ess, well-arra nging and en rich ing by Biblical allusi ons, metaphors and philosophy to mafereas on. 学术的推进 随笔(famous quotas: )The theme of Of Studies uses and ben efits of study and differe nt ways adopted by differe nt people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson 狐狸5. Christopher Marlowe 柯里斯托弗？马洛 15641595University Wits ”, the pioneer of English drama(完善了无韵体诗。)Bla nk verse: writte n in un rhymed iambic pen tameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor towith his mighty lines ( D )A. the Petrarcha n sonnetB. sest inaC. terza rimaD. bla nk verseff 士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成) vTamburlai ne帖木耳大帝 The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare 威廉？莎士比亚 15641616 Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ； Richard II ； Henry VIII Four Comedies: As You Like It 皆大欢喜；vTwelfth Night第十二夜；A Midsummer Night S Drear仲夏夜之梦；vMerchant Of Venice威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies: Hamlet哈姆莱特；Othello奥赛罗；King Lear李尔王；Macbeth麦 克白