High school biology knowledge points must be 111（高中生物知识点必背111条）High school biology knowledge points must be 111(高中生物知识点必背111条) High school biology knowledge points must be 111 1. organisms have a common material base and structural basis. 2. cells are the basic units of the structure and function of organisms; cells are the basic unit of all animal and plant structures. The virus has no cell structure. 3. metabolism is the basis of the organism for all life activities. 4. organisms are stressed and thus able to adapt to their surroundings. 5., the characteristics of biological heredity and variation, so that all species can basically remain stable, and can continue to evolve. 6., organisms can adapt to a certain environment, but also affect the environment. 7. the chemical elements that make up an organism can be found in the inorganic nature. No chemical element is unique to the biological world. This fact shows that the biological and non biological communities are united. 8., the biological and non biological are also different. 9. carbohydrate is the main energy source of cells, and is the main energy source for organisms to carry out life activities. 10., all life activities are inseparable from the protein. 11. nucleic acid is the genetic material of all living things. Any kind of compound 12. organisms are not able to independently complete a kind of life activity, and only these compounds in a certain way organically, to show the life phenomenon of cells and organisms. Cells are the most basic structural form of these substances. 13. All living things on the earth, except viruses, are made up of cells. The 14. cell membrane has a certain fluidity, which is characterized by selective permeability. The 15. cell wall supports and protects plant cells. 16. mitochondria are the primary site of aerobic respiration by living cells. The 17. ribosome is the site where cells synthesize amino acids into proteins. 18. chromatin and chromosomes are two forms of the same substance in a cell at different stages. 19. the nucleus is the locus where genetic material is stored and replicated, and is the locus of control of cellular genetic characteristics and cellular metabolism. 20. cells formed the structure of each part is not isolated, but closely related, consistent, a cell is an organic whole, only to maintain the integrity of the cell, it can complete all the normal life activities. 21. cells proliferate in a split manner, and cell proliferation is the basis for growth, development, reproduction, and inheritance of the organism. Significance of mitotic cells (22. features), is the parent cell chromosome after replication, accurate average distribution to two daughter cells, thus in biological parent and offspring is maintained between the stability of genetic traits, has important significance for biological genetic. 23., highly differentiated plant cells still have the ability to develop into complete plants, that is, to maintain cell pluripotency. 24. metabolism is the basic feature of a living organism, the essential difference between living things and nonliving things. The catalysis of 25. enzymes has high efficiency and specificity. The catalysis of 26. enzymes requires suitable temperature and pH value. 27. ATP is the direct source of energy needed for metabolism. 28. all oxygen released by photosynthesis comes from water. 29. the uptake of mineral elements and osmotic water uptake by epidermal cells in mature plant areas are two relatively independent processes. 30. higher multicellular animals whose somatic cells can exchange substances with the environment only through their internal environment. 31. sugars, lipids, and proteins can be transformed and conditioned and conditioned. 32. homeostasis is a necessary condition for the organism to perform normal life activities. 33. the offspring of sexual reproduction have the genetic characteristics of both parents, and have greater living ability and variability, therefore, they are important for the survival and evolution of organisms. 34. nutrient reproduction enables offspring to maintain parental traits. The result of 35. meiosis is that the number of chromosomes in the generative cell is less than half that of the sperm (egg) cell. 36. during meiosis, homologous chromosomes in the United Kingdom separate from each other, indicating that the chromosomes are independent of each other; The two chromosomes of the same origin move toward which is extremely random; the chromosomes of different sources (non homologous chromosomes) can be freely combined. 37. the halving of the number of chromosomes in meiosis occurs in the first division of meiosis. 38. an egg cell undergoes meiosis, forming only one egg cell (a genotype). A spermatogonia undergoes meiosis to form four sperms (two genotypes). 39. for sexually transmitted organisms, meiosis and fertilization are important