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英语的时态英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种:十六种时态一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。一、一般现在时:1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构:主语+be动词;主语+动词原形 (但如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。把下列句子变为否定句、一般疑问句并作肯否回答。It often snows here.He is always ready to help others.They usually play soccer on Sundays.二、一般过去时:1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构:主语+be动词过去式;主语+行为动词的过去式4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。Lucy was at home yesterday.(否定句,一般疑问句肯否回答)She often came to help us in those days.(同上)I didnt know you were so busy.(肯定句)三、现在进行时:1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。Look! He is doing his homework.My parents are watching TV now.四、过去进行时:1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构:was/were+doing4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。At that time she was working in that factory.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、现在完成时:1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语:recently, lately, since.,for.,in/during the past/past few years,already,yet,ever, never,so far,by now,before etc.3.基本结构:have/has + done4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句:have或has.?Ive written two articles so far. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.六、过去完成时:1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.3.基本结构:had + done.4.否定形式:had + not + done.5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books七、一般将来时:1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.八、过去将来时:1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do; would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。He said he would go to Beijing the next day.He told me that they _( have)a trip next week.九.将来完成时:1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done十.现在完成进行时:1.概念:在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing小练习:1 He joined the League two years ago.(同义句) He_ _ _ the League _two years.2 Two years has passed since he joined the League._ _ _ _he joined the League.(同义句)在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive,fly等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:The train is leaving soon.The bus is coming.汽车来了。He is flying to Tibet tomorrow.他明天要飞往西藏。英语的语态一、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。例如:Many people speak English.谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework ca
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