2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The argument concerning the use, or the status, or the reality of Black English is rooted in American history and has absolutely nothing to do with the question which the argument supposes itself to be posing. The argument has nothing to do with language itself but with the role of language. Language, incontestably, reveals the speaker. Language, also, far more dubiously, is meant to define the otherand, in this case, the other is refusing to be defined by a language that has never been able to recognize him.People evolve a language in order to describe and thus control their circumstances, or in order not to be submerged by a reality that they cannot articulate. (And, if they cannot articulate it, they are submerged.) A Frenchman living in Paris speaks a subtly and crucially different language from that of the man living in Marseilles; neither sounds very much like a man living in Quebec; and they would all have great difficulty in apprehending what the man from Guadeloupe, or Martinique, is saying, to say nothing of the man from Senegalalthough the “common” language of all these areas is French. But each has paid, and is paying, a different price for this “common” language, in which, as it turns out, they are not saying, and cannot be saying, the same things. They each have very different realities to articulate, or control.What joins all languages, and all men, is the necessity to confront life, in order, not inconceivably, to outwit death: The price for this is the acceptance, and achievement, of ones temporal identity. So that, for example, though it is not taught in the schools the south of France still clings to its ancient and musical Provencal, which resists being described as a “dialect”. And much of the tension in the Basque countries, and in Wales, is due to the Basque and Welsh determination not to allow their languages to be destroyed. This determination also feeds the flames in Ireland, for among the many indignities the Irish have been forced to undergo at English hands is the English contempt for their language.It goes without saying, then, that language is also a political instrument, means, and proof of power. It is the most vivid and crucial key to identity: it reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from the larger public, or communal identity. There have been, and are, times and places, when to speak a certain language could be dangerous, even fatal. Or, one may speak the same language, but in such a way that ones antecedents are revealed, or (one hopes) hidden.16. According to the passage, language reveals the speaker in the way that _.17. Why does a Frenchman living in Paris has great difficulty in apprehending what the man from Guadeloupe, or Martinique, is saying?18. What does the example of Basque and Welsh illustrate?19. In some places, speaking a certain language may cause _.20. The text is primarily concerned with discussing _.问题1选项A.people who speak the same language share the same cultureB.a person is recognized by the language he speaksC.language is an effective means of communicationD.language affects the speakers circumstances问题2选项A.Because they pronounce many words differently.B.Because they live in different areas and seldom visit each other.C.Because they speak different varieties of a language and confront different realities.D.Because they have different articulation system.问题3选项A.Language reveals a nations or a communitys identity.B.Certain peoples contempt for a language may lead to racial conflicts.C.Language is a symbol of public existence.D.Basque people join up with Welsh people to fight for their language.问题4选项A.family divorceB.offence and hatredC.communal misunderstandingD.political disagreement问题5选项A.the use, status, and reality of Black EnglishB.the relationship between language and cultureC.language varietiesD.language, identity and nationality【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】16. 【选项释义】According to the passage, language reveals the speaker in the way that _. 根据文章，语言是以什么方式揭示使用这种语言的人的。A. people who speak the same language share the same culture A. 说同一种语言的人拥有相同的文化B. a person is recognized by the language he speaks B. 通过一个人说什么语言能识别出他的身份C. language is an effective means of communication C. 语言是一种有效的交际手段D. language affects the speakers circumstances D. 语言影响说话人所处的环境【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词language reveals the speaker定位到原文第1段第3句，该句提到“毫无疑问，语言揭示了使用这种语言的人（reveals the speaker）。”该句后一句提到“更令人怀疑的是，语言（Language）是用来定义他者的（define the other）在这种情况下，他者（the other）拒绝被一种从未能够识别他者的语言（a language that has never been able to recognize him）所定义。”由此推断，语言因为能够识别一个人的身份而被用来定义使用该语言的人。因此，本题“语言是以什么方式揭示使用这种语言的人的”的答案是B选项“通过一个人说什么语言能识别出他的身份”。【干扰项排除】A选项“说同一种语言的人拥有相同的文化”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“语言是一种有效的交际手段”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“语言影响说话人所处的环境”