2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Those naughty boys were caught _flowers in the garden again.问题1选项A.to stealB.stealingC.having stolenD.to have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查现在分词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后，表示主语在进行谓语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作，此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意：那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了，因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catch sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，转换为被动用法则是sb be caught doing sth，因此A和D项均错误；C项使用的是现在分词的完成式，与句意不符，故排除。2. 单选题Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas. Elizabeth, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands treasury and diminishing Spains supremacy. Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England had become Protestant. King Philip of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again.To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against Englands theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships, the Spanish Armada, in January 1586. Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Amada could withstand any battle with England.The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable. The Spanish feet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable. English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8.Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.1. Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spains _.2. King Philip recruited many _ soldiers and sailors.3. The _ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.4. The two battles left the Spanish fleet _.5. The Armada was _ on one side.问题1选项A.unlimited powerB.unrestricted growthC.territoryD.treaties问题2选项A.warlikeB.strongC.accomplishedD.timid问题3选项A.completeB.warlikeC.independentD.isolated问题4选项A.open to changeB.triumphantC.open to attackD.defeated问题5选项A.closed offB.damagedC.aloneD.circled【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands treasury and diminishing Spains supremacy.（虽然这些突袭的规模很小，但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功，为英格兰国库增加了黄金和白银，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思为“至高无上；最大权力；最高地位”，所以A选项“无限力量”正确。B选项“无限制的增长”，C选项“领土”和D选项“条约”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors.（他指挥了130艘各类帆船，招募了19,000多名强壮的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robust的意思为“强壮的；强劲的”，在这里B选项“强壮的”正确。A选项“好战的；军事的”，C选项“技艺高超的”和D选项“胆小的”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Amada could withstand any battle with England.（尽管他的一些船只缺少枪支和弹药，但菲利普坚信他的无敌舰队可以抵抗任何与英国的战争。），可知这支舰队是用于军事的，所以B选项“军事的”正确。A选项“完整的”，C选项“独立的”和D选项“孤立的”：根据第三段第一句The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port.（1588年5月9日，“无敌舰队”从葡萄牙里斯本起航，但恶劣的天气迫使它返回港口。），这里没有提到是否是整支舰队参与行动，并且这些参与行动的船只一起行动，并没有独立和孤立，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted.（这两场战役使西班牙变得脆弱不堪，损失了几艘战舰，也耗尽了弹药。），vulnerable意思为“易受攻击的”，所以C选项“易受攻击”正确，A选项“接受改变”，B选项“大获全胜”和D选项“战败”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and disorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一边，船员们只能在恐慌和混乱中漂流。）