2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题A well-established distinction in memory theory is that between short-term and long-term memory. The former refers to our ability to do such things as remember telephone numbers long enough to dial them, the latter-concerns the wide range of ways in which experience can affect behavior many years later. Given the two different kinds of ability, it is reasonable to hypothesize that each is represented differently in the brain. An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term memory implies a chemical change in the brain cells, while short-term memory involves patterns of impulses in electric of serve cells.One group of rats were taught to run through a maze. Five minutes after learning the task, they were cooled to 5C, the temperature at which all electrical activity in the brain ceased. They were ten kept at this temperature for 15 minutes before being allowed to their normal temperature. They were then run through the maze, again.A second group of rats were taught to run the same maze, and then immediately cooled to 5 C for 15 minutes. Alter being allowed to return to their temperature, an attempt was made to run the second group through the maze again. It was found that rats in the first group had no difficulty with the maze the second time, suggesting that they did not have to relearn the task. Rats in the second group which was cooled immediately after learning the maze, on the other hand, could not negotiate the maze successfully, i.e., they apparently could not remember what they had learned.It was conclude from this experiment that short-time memory (in rats, at least) is unlike long-term memory. Short-term memory involves electrical impulses since at a temperature where electrical activity ceases, there is no memory. Long-term memory, in contrast, is unaffected by the disruption of electrical activity and may involve structural changes in brain cells.1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.Remembering address belongs to（ ） .3.The experiments of two groups（ ） .4.If rats cooled to 5 for 15 minutes immediately, what will happen after being allowed to return to their normal temperature?5.Electrical impulses affect（ ） .问题1选项A.The difference between short-term memory and long-term memory.B.The experiment of two groups of rats.C.The temperature for rats to lose their memory.D.The importance of memory.问题2选项A.short-term memoryB.long-term memoryC.both A and BD.neither A or B问题3选项A.temperature affects rats memoryB.the relationship between temperature and memory is very clearC.there is distinction between short-term memory and long-term memoryD.rats can relearn the task after forgetting it问题4选项A.They have no difficult in crossing the same maze.B.They lose their way in the maze. .C.They can remember the way correctly.D.They go through the maze after several trying.问题5选项A.long-term memoryB.short-term memoryC.structural changesD.brain cells【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.文章主要介绍了关于短期记忆和长期记忆的区别的科学假设，选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段指出记电话号码是短期记忆，所以记地址也是短期记忆，选项A符合题意。3.文章最后一段第一句话it was conclude from this experiment that short-time memory (in rats, at least) is unlike long-term memory明确提出实验证明了短期记忆与长期记忆是不同的。选项C符合题意。4.文章第三段提到第二组老鼠的体温被立即降到5摄氏度，结果是它们没有成功走过迷宫。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段Short-term memory involves electrical impulses since at a temperature where electrical activity ceases, there is no memory 提到短跑受电流脉冲的影响，所以选项B符合题意。2. 单选题She is a very （ ）student. Shes always talking about traveling to outer space.问题1选项A.imaginaryB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imagining【答案】B【解析】考查形似形容词词义辨析。imaginary “虚构的，假想的”；imaginative “富于想象的，有创造力的”；imaginable “可能的，可想象的”；imagining 是 image的动名词形式。句意：她是一个富有想象力的学生。她总是谈论关于在外太空漫游的事。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illumination piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to und