专升本辅导2 时态一、完成时态特点：1、谓语动词一般为延续性动词2、 动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去；3、 时间状语为一段时间，说明某个动作持续了多久。1） Ive worked in this company since 1980.2) I have lived here for 3 years.3) We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. (until now, up to now, up till now, so far)4) Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death. ( in the last few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries)4、 过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态-言外之意1） He has broken his leg.2) He broke his leg.3) A: What has happened to Jane? She is crying. B: She broke the dinning-room window. She has to face the music when her father gets home.4) You should have put the milk into icebox; I expect it _ undrinkable by now. A. became B. had become C. has become D. becomes5、 到目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作。1) In all the work I have done as president, every decision I have made, every executive action I have taken, every bill I have proposed and signed, Ive tried to give all Americans the tools and conditions to build the future of our dreams, in a good society, with a strong economy, a cleaner environment, and a freer, safer, more prosperous world.2) We have taken three tests sp far this week.3) I have made many new friends since I came to Beijing.5、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较都是过去的动作，但当我们强调过去的事情对现在仍有意义或仍有重要影响才用现在完成时。a. I havent seen him this morning.b. I didnt see him this morning.延续性动词：a. He lives in Beijing. He has lived here for 3 years.b. He lived in Beijing for 3 years and then emigrated to America. c. He has been in the army for 6 years.d. He was in the army for 6 years.二、 过去完成时-过去的过去1、开始于过去之前（即过去的过去） 的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在持续。1）I had stayed in America for two years when he moved here.2) I had learned 1000 words by the end of the last year.3) It had snowed for a long time when I woke up.2、表示开始于过去之前的动作到过去这一时刻之前已停止。短暂动词1) She had made everything ready before I came.2) Her baby had fallen asleep when she went into the room.3) Before John got home, Mary had gone to bed.3、其他用法Intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think, propose, with, wish等，表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等。1）I had planned to go shopping with you but my mother came to see me just when I was about to go.2) She had hoped that he would come to date here, but he didnt show up.3) I had intended to see you, but I was busy.4、一般过去时与过去完成时的比较两个或两个以上相继发生的动作，用and或but按动作发生的先后顺序连接，此时要用一般过去时。过去完成时强调主语在过去某一时刻回顾更早的动作。1) He opened the door and entered, but found nobody.2) He had served in the army for ten years before he died in the jet-crash incident.3) I realized that we had met before.只两个相继发生的动作时，用过去完成时表示先发生的动作。如都用一般过去时，则可能表示一个动作“导致”另一动作，有一定的因果关系1) When I had opened all the windows I sat down and had a cup of tea.2) When I opened the window the cat jumped out.3) When I had written my letters I did some gardening.4) When I wrote him a letter, he came at once.5) When the singer had sung her song, she sat down.1. I began to teach in New Oriental School in 1997. This year is 2001. So far I _(teach) here for 4 years. By 2000, I _ (teach) for 3 years. By 2002, I _ (teach) for 5 years.2. Dont spend your money like water. If you keep on like that, you _ (spend) all your money before the end of the trip.3. “Was Clint at the party when you arrived?” “No, he _ (already, go) home.4. “Was Clint at the party when you arrived?” “Yes, but he _ (go) home soon afterwards.”5. I felt very tired when I got home, so I _ (go) straight to bed.6. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody _(go) to bed.7. Sorry Im late. The car _(break) down on my way here.8. We _ (drive) a long the road when we saw a car that _ (break) down, so we stopped to see if we could help.9. Yesterday I had a phone call from Clint. I was very surprised. I _ (write) to him times but he _ (never, reply) to my letters,10. I met Clint a few days ago. He _(just, come) back from holiday. He looked very well.11. The man sitting next tome on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. He _(never, fly) before.12. This traffic is terrible. Were going to be late. By the time we _ (get) to the airport, Bobs plane _ (arrive, already), and hell wondering where are.13. Last spring I went to France. It was the first time that O _ (be) there.14. This is the only novel that he _ (write).15. This is the first time that I _ (take) the flight.16. This is the most difficult job that I _(ever, do)17. Clint is phoning his girlfriend again. This is the fourth time that he _ (phone) her this evening.18. A: Look! Somebody _ (spill) milk on the carpet. B: Well, it _(be, not) me. I _(do, not) it. A: I wonder who it _ (be)