CST MICROWAVE STUDIOEM/Circuit Co-Simulation OverviewOverviewSchematic ViewAdding Circuit ElementsSetting up a Simulation TaskViewing ResultsTransient EM/Circuit Co-SimulationSee AlsoSchematic ViewThe integration of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO? in CST STUDIO SUITE? allows for a straightforward coupling of EM simulation and circuit simulation.For each CST MICROWAVE STUDIO? structure, two fundamentally different views on the model exist. The standard view is the 3D model representation which is visible by default. However, in addition, a schematic view can be activated by selecting the corresponding tab under the main view:rwsiC&fvMWtSFrtlSww加峥Mmiko P75taMri-1W*cll5CP DCwc*The terminals are a one-to- one correspondence to the 3D structure s waveguide or discrete ports.The schematic view now allows for easy addition of external circuit elements to the terminals ofthe 3D structure.Adding Circuit Eleme ntsAdding circuit elements to the schematic view is straightforward. The general procedure is toselect a circuit element from the block selection tree and drag it onto the schematic view. Theblock selection tree is organized into several categories containing elements.Circuit elements can be accessed through the Circuit Elements folder:These elements can now either be dragged by pressing the left mouse button on the element itself or even more easily by pressing the left mouse button while the cursor is on one of the element s terminals. Note that an element s terminal is highlighted by a red circle whenever themouse pointer is located over it.Once an element is selected at its terminal and then dragged onto the schematic view, a red dot will appear whenever the terminal is located close to the end of an already existing connection line (here shown for the RJ45 connector example):Releasing the mouse button there will then place and connect the circuit element on theschematic. Red terminal lines illustrate that this line is still open-ended whereas blue lines indicate proper connection.Selecting a circuit element by single-clicking on it will reveal its properties in the parameter window as shown below:忖占rmoUM5Q0涉DimBtock /The element s properties can be modified in the usual way by clicking into the corresponding entry field and changing the value.Ground (GND) elements and ports can also be accessed by dragging and dropping them from the block selection tree (for ports select the Circuit Elements Sources / Ports section), but convenient shortcuts exist for these frequently used elements:ShortcutDescriptiongPlace a ground element. Simply click on the end of a connection line after activating this shortcut.pPlace a port element. Click on the end of a connection line to place the portAll elements can be dragged with the mouse to a new location while the elements stay connected via the connection lines. Furthermore, after you select an element, you can rotate it by choosing View Tools Rotate/Flip Tools Rotate Left (shortcut l) and View Tools Rotate/Flip Tools Rotate Right (shortcut r), respectively .The following picture shows an exemplary external circuit where the original 8-port structure has been reduced to a 2-port device by applying loads to all the other terminals:50.0 Olunn50 0 Olnu50,0 Olun 丄50.0 Olmi50 0 Olirn?G 0 OhmSetting up a Simulati on TaskOnce all terminals of the MWS block are connected to circuit elements, an S-parameter simulation of the structure including the external circuitry can be performed. The resulting S-matrix will have two ports in the example above, since only two external ports have been placed in the schematic (represented by diamond-like symbols).In order to run an S-parameter circuit simulation, choose Simulation Update . The circuit simulator supports a variety of different analysis options, so you will be prompted to select one of them:Selec t SiiriiuldilioiiTfisJk mJaiion 1dd.円 N Slwdard 基 S Piameti&rs-Qf. Ckcul imuMcn/ OpBabng port |DC、TJacdli pec MTT Hwer宦 Amplifier| :总H甘匚|Not all of these options may be available to you due to license restrictions. Here you should selectS-Parameters and click OK. A dialog box will appear in which you can specify the settings of theS-parameter calculation:The most important setting is the Number of frequency steps here. Clicking OK will start the S-parameter simulation of the coupled EM and circuit problem. If all simulation results of the 3D EM simulation are already presen